Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Allergy and Cow’s Milk Sensitization and Probiotic Intestinal Persistence Evaluation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Demographic and Clinical Profiling of Subjects
2.2. RT-PCR Analysis
2.3. Gut Microbiota Profiling
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients Enrolment
4.2. Food Challenges
4.3. Study Design and Faecal Sample Collection
4.4. Isolation of B. breve M-16V, B. longum subsp. longum BB536 and B. longum subsp. Infantis M-63, Bacterial DNA Extraction and ITS Locus Amplification
4.5. Cloning and RT-PCR Assay Design
4.6. Stool Samples DNA Extraction
4.7. qRT-PCR Assay
4.8. 16S rRNA Targeted-Metagenomics
4.9. Biocomputational and Statistical Analyses
4.10. Metagenomic Data Open Access Repository
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Features | CMA | CMS | Healthy | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age ± SD (months) | 12.9 ± 1.7 | 13.4 ± 1.0 | 12.6 ± 1.5 | 0.08 |
Male/Female | 8/6 | 7/5 | 6/8 | 0.70 |
Cesarean section (%) | 21% | 25% | 43% | 0.60 |
Mean breastfeeding duration (months) | 7.2 | 7.5 | 8 | 0.44 |
Mean cow’s milk free diet duration ± SD (months) | 6.3 ± 4.1 | 8.1 ± 4.6 | N/A | 0.51 |
Mean diameter Prick by Prick with Cow’s Milk (mm) | 5.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.09 |
Mean diameter Skin Prick Test with Alpha-Lactalbumin (mm) | 4.4 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.04 |
Mean diameter Skin Prick Test with Beta-Lactoglobulin (mm) | 3.8 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.20 |
Mean diameter Skin Prick Test with Casein (mm) | 6.4 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.04 |
Total IgE (kU/L) | 228.2 | 51.2 | N/A | <0.01 |
Specific IgE for Cow’s milk (kUA/L) | 23.8 | 0.8 | N/A | 0.05 |
Specific IgE for α-Lactalbumin (kUA/L) | 3.5 | 0.1 | N/A | 0.14 |
Specific IgE for β-Lactoglobulin (kUA/L) | 9.0 | 0.5 | N/A | 0.26 |
Specific IgE for Casein (kUA/L) | 9.4 | 0.4 | N/A | 0.18 |
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Mennini, M.; Reddel, S.; Del Chierico, F.; Gardini, S.; Quagliariello, A.; Vernocchi, P.; Valluzzi, R.L.; Fierro, V.; Riccardi, C.; Napolitano, T.; et al. Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Allergy and Cow’s Milk Sensitization and Probiotic Intestinal Persistence Evaluation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041649
Mennini M, Reddel S, Del Chierico F, Gardini S, Quagliariello A, Vernocchi P, Valluzzi RL, Fierro V, Riccardi C, Napolitano T, et al. Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Allergy and Cow’s Milk Sensitization and Probiotic Intestinal Persistence Evaluation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041649
Chicago/Turabian StyleMennini, Maurizio, Sofia Reddel, Federica Del Chierico, Simone Gardini, Andrea Quagliariello, Pamela Vernocchi, Rocco Luigi Valluzzi, Vincenzo Fierro, Carla Riccardi, Tania Napolitano, and et al. 2021. "Gut Microbiota Profile in Children with IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Allergy and Cow’s Milk Sensitization and Probiotic Intestinal Persistence Evaluation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4: 1649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041649