Transcriptomic Characterization of Cow, Donkey and Goat Milk Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Their Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Potential
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphologic Characterization of mEVs
2.2. Molecular Characterization of mEVs RNAs
2.2.1. Messenger RNAs
2.2.2. Small RNAs
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Milk Collection
4.2. EVs Isolation
4.3. Milk EVs Characterization
4.3.1. Western Blotting
4.3.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Nanoparticle Tracking Assay (NTA)
4.4. RNA Extraction and Library Preparation
4.5. Bioinformatic Analysis
4.5.1. From Sequencing to Datasets
4.5.2. Differential Gene Expression Analysis between the Three Species
4.5.3. miRNA Targets Retrieving and Functional Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Enclosing mEVs | No. of miRNAs | miRNAs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cow–Donkey–Goat | 10 | miR-151a miR-191 miR-30b let-7i | miR-27b miR-30d miR-186 | miR-200b miR-148b miR-21 |
Cow–Goat | 15 | miR-141 miR-23b miR-93 miR-25 miR-361 | let-7b miR-660 let-7g miR-30a miR-200a | miR-125a miR-20a miR-29a miR-140 miR-200c |
Donkey–Goat | 6 | miR-148a miR-143 | miR-26b miR-30e | miR-223 miR-155 |
Cow–Donkey | 1 | miR-375 | ||
Cow | 10 | miR-340 mir181a miR-362 miR-99a | miR-532 miR-26b miR-182 | miR-429 miR-425 miR-34a |
Donkey | 10 | miR-374a miR-152 miR-101 miR-98 | miR-590 miR-320a let-7d | miR-23a miR-145 let-7c |
Goat | 8 | miR-26a let-7f miR-27a | miR-22 miR-224 miR-16 | miR-125b miR-190a |
Species | 3′-UTR Targets | 5′-UTR Targets | CDS Targets | Total Targets | Filtered Targets |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cow | 1351 | 221 | 1196 | 2296 | 3 |
Donkey | 814 | 109 | 603 | 1313 | 15 |
Goat | 1537 | 256 | 1283 | 2568 | 14 |
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Mecocci, S.; Pietrucci, D.; Milanesi, M.; Pascucci, L.; Filippi, S.; Rosato, V.; Chillemi, G.; Capomaccio, S.; Cappelli, K. Transcriptomic Characterization of Cow, Donkey and Goat Milk Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Their Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Potential. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312759
Mecocci S, Pietrucci D, Milanesi M, Pascucci L, Filippi S, Rosato V, Chillemi G, Capomaccio S, Cappelli K. Transcriptomic Characterization of Cow, Donkey and Goat Milk Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Their Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Potential. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(23):12759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312759
Chicago/Turabian StyleMecocci, Samanta, Daniele Pietrucci, Marco Milanesi, Luisa Pascucci, Silvia Filippi, Vittorio Rosato, Giovanni Chillemi, Stefano Capomaccio, and Katia Cappelli. 2021. "Transcriptomic Characterization of Cow, Donkey and Goat Milk Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Their Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Potential" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23: 12759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312759