Estradiol Protects against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Modulates Auditory Physiology in Female Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. E2-Replacement Decreases Auditory Thresholds and Increases Wave-1 Amplitude
2.2. E2-Replacement Decreases Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Thresholds
2.3. E2-Replacementon Does Not Affect the Endocochlear Potential
2.4. Gonadectomy Eliminates Sex Differences in the Response to PTS-Inducing Noise
2.5. E2-Replacement Protects against PTS-Inducing Noise in Female Mice
2.6. E2-Replacement Reduces OHC Loss following a PTS-Inducing Noise Exposure
2.7. Protective Effect of E2-Replacement on Hearing Thresholds following TTS-Inducing Noise
2.8. Gonadectomy Increases Susceptibility to OHC Loss
2.9. Canonical Estrogen Receptor Localization
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Gonadectomy
4.3. Subcutaneous Pump Placement
4.4. Hormonal Treatments
4.4.1. Acute Hormonal Supplementation Using Subcutaneous Injections
4.4.2. Continuous Hormonal Supplementation Using Osmotic Pumps
4.4.3. Continuous Hormonal Supplementation Using Subcutaneous Injections
4.5. Noise Exposures
4.6. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)
4.7. Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE)
4.8. Endocochlear Potential
4.8.1. Round Window
4.8.2. Lateral Wall
4.9. Immunostaining
4.10. Cochlear Frequency Mapping
4.10.1. Synapse Counts
4.10.2. Cytocochleograms
4.11. In Situ Hybridization
4.12. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Main Effect | F-Score | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Physiology | ||||
ABR Thresholds | Treatment | 28.53 | <0.0001 | |
Wave-1 Amplitudes | ||||
8 kHz | Treatment | 57.07 | <0.0001 | |
16 kHz | Treatment | 39.34 | <0.0001 | |
24 kHz | Treatment | 43.79 | <0.0001 | |
32 kHz | Treatment | 32.35 | <0.0001 | |
DPOAE Thresholds | ||||
Vehicle Condition | Treatment | 0.1903 | 0.6671 | |
E2 Condition | Treatment | 36.11 | <0.0001 | |
Paired Synapses | Treatment | 0.7923 | 0.3903 | |
PTS Experiments | ||||
ABR Thresholds | ||||
Baseline | Sex | 0.1007 | 0.7516 | |
Treatment | 0.005573 | 0.9406 | ||
CTS | Sex | 21.04 | <0.0001 | |
Treatment | 17.15 | <0.0001 | ||
PTS | Sex | 27.25 | <0.0001 | |
Treatment | 33.55 | <0.0001 | ||
OHC Loss | Treatment | 9.791 | 0.0019 | |
Paired Synapses | Treatment | 3.009 | 0.1033 | |
TTS Experiments | ||||
ABR Thresholds | ||||
Baseline | Treatment | 2.144 | 0.1465 | |
CTS | Treatment | 34.03 | <0.0001 | |
TTS | Treatment | 0.09137 | 0.7631 | |
Wave-1 Amplitudes | ||||
8 kHz | Treatment | 30.99 | <0.0001 | |
16 kHz | Treatment | 42.32 | <0.0001 | |
24 kHz | Treatment | 59.31 | <0.0001 | |
32 kHz | Treatment | 58.97 | <0.0001 | |
OHC Loss | Treatment | 5.517 | 0.0278 | |
Paired Synapses | Treatment | 6.705 | 0.0100 |
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Shuster, B.; Casserly, R.; Lipford, E.; Olszewski, R.; Milon, B.; Viechweg, S.; Davidson, K.; Enoch, J.; McMurray, M.; Rutherford, M.A.; et al. Estradiol Protects against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Modulates Auditory Physiology in Female Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212208
Shuster B, Casserly R, Lipford E, Olszewski R, Milon B, Viechweg S, Davidson K, Enoch J, McMurray M, Rutherford MA, et al. Estradiol Protects against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Modulates Auditory Physiology in Female Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212208
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuster, Benjamin, Ryan Casserly, Erika Lipford, Rafal Olszewski, Béatrice Milon, Shaun Viechweg, Kanisa Davidson, Jennifer Enoch, Mark McMurray, Mark A. Rutherford, and et al. 2021. "Estradiol Protects against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Modulates Auditory Physiology in Female Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212208