The Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Human Peritoneal Host Defenses
3. Macrophage Phenotype in Endometriosis
4. Phenotype of Macrophages in Animal Models of Endometriosis
5. Role of Cytokines Secreted by Macrophages in Endometriosis
6. Molecules Involved in the Recruitment of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis
7. Phagocytosis Defects of Macrophages in Endometriosis
8. Dependence of Estrogens and Their Receptors in the Development of Endometriosis
9. Inflammation, Innervation, and Associated Pain in Endometriosis
10. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell type | Monocytes/Mϕ (%) | Lymphocytes (%) | NKs (%) | DCs (%) | PMNs (%) | Reference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subjects | Total | T Cells | CD4/CD8 | B Cells | |||||
Healthy Controls (Women) | 89.0 ± 2.0 | 8.4 ± 1.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | [53] |
90.1 ± 1.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | [54] | |
93.2 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | n.d. | [50] | |
85.0–95.0 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | n.d. | [52] | |
53.0 ± 26.5 | — | 23.5 ± 27.4 | — | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 11.0 | 2.5 ± 5.1 | [47] | |
Healthy Controls (Gallbladder) | 21.0–61.0 2 | — | 37.0–49.0 2 | 0.48 | 0.0–2.0 2 | 0.0–18.0 2 | — | <5.0 | [49] |
CAPD Effluent Patients | 86.5 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3.4 1 | [50] |
84.0 1 | 10.0 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 4.0 1 | [51] | |
>60.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | [52] | |
Healthy Controls (Infants) | 49.2 ± 7.1 | 22.5 ± 5.4 | 14.5 ± 4.5 | — | 0.7 ± 0.5 | — | — | — | [55] |
Healthy Controls (Children) | 42.9 ± 11.1 | 33.1 ± 9.6 | 26.6 ± 9.8 | — | 0.8 ± 0.7 | — | — | — | [55] |
Healthy Controls (Adolescents) | 41.1 ± 8.7 | 36.6 ± 7.1 | 31.5 ± 7.6 | — | 0.3 ± 0.1 | — | — | — | [55] |
Marker | Endometriosis vs. Health Comparison | Statistical Significance (p value) | Technique Used | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
CD86 | Diminished | ** | Flow Cytometry | [59] |
Ratio CD163+/CD86+ | Increased | ** | [59] | |
CD14high | Increased | * | [67] | |
CD68 | Increased | *** | Immunohistochemistry | [68] |
HLA-DR | Without changes | n.s. | Flow Cytometry | [59] |
Increased | ** | [69] | ||
NLC-MACRO | Increased | *** | Immunohistochemistry | [68] |
HAM56 | Increased | *** | [68] | |
CD95 (Fas) | Increased | * | Flow Cytometry | [69] |
SIRP-α | Increased | ** | Immunoblot | [30] |
CD200R | Increased | * | [70] | |
CD36 | Diminished | ** | [30] |
Cytokine | Comparison | Endometriosis vs. Health Significance | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
IL-6 | Increased | * | [85,86,87] |
*** | [88,89] | ||
IL-10 | Without changes | n.s. | [89,90] |
Increased | *** | [88] | |
* | [91,92] | ||
IL-8 | Increased | ** | [85,92] |
*** | [93] | ||
MCP-1 | Increased | * | [85,92] |
*** | [93] | ||
IL-1β | Without changes | n.s. | [86,90] |
Increased | ** | [92] | |
*** | [88,94] | ||
IL-2 | Without changes | n.s. | [91] |
Increased | * | [95] | |
TNF-α | Without changes | n.s. | [85,90] |
Increased | * | [92,93] | |
TGF-β | Increased | *** | [88,93] |
* | [90] |
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Ramírez-Pavez, T.N.; Martínez-Esparza, M.; Ruiz-Alcaraz, A.J.; Marín-Sánchez, P.; Machado-Linde, F.; García-Peñarrubia, P. The Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 10792. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910792
Ramírez-Pavez TN, Martínez-Esparza M, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Marín-Sánchez P, Machado-Linde F, García-Peñarrubia P. The Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(19):10792. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910792
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamírez-Pavez, Tamara N., María Martínez-Esparza, Antonio J. Ruiz-Alcaraz, Pilar Marín-Sánchez, Francisco Machado-Linde, and Pilar García-Peñarrubia. 2021. "The Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19: 10792. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910792