Molecular Chaperones and miRNAs in Epilepsy: Pathogenic Implications and Therapeutic Prospects

Zummo, Leila; Vitale, Alessandra Maria; Caruso Bavisotto, Celeste; De Curtis, Marco; Garbelli, Rita; Giallonardo, Anna Teresa; Di Bonaventura, Carlo; Fanella, Martina; Conway de Macario, Everly; Cappello, Francesco; Macario, Alberto J. L.; Marino Gammazza, Antonella

doi:10.3390/ijms22168601

Open AccessReview

Molecular Chaperones and miRNAs in Epilepsy: Pathogenic Implications and Therapeutic Prospects

by

Leila Zummo

^1,2,†,

Alessandra Maria Vitale

^1,3,†

,

Celeste Caruso Bavisotto

^1,3

,

Marco De Curtis

⁴,

Rita Garbelli

⁴,

Anna Teresa Giallonardo

^5,6,

Carlo Di Bonaventura

^5,6,

Martina Fanella

^5,6,

Everly Conway de Macario

⁷,

Francesco Cappello

^1,3

,

Alberto J. L. Macario

^3,7

and

Antonella Marino Gammazza

^1,*

¹

Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy

²

Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedale Civico—Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy

³

Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy

⁴

Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy

⁵

Department of Human Neurosciences “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy

⁶

Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy

⁷

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

Authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168601

Submission received: 10 July 2021 / Revised: 5 August 2021 / Accepted: 6 August 2021 / Published: 10 August 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Molecular Chaperones: Role and Targeting in Health and Disease)

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Abstract

Epilepsy is a pathologic condition with high prevalence and devastating consequences for the patient and its entourage. Means for accurate diagnosis of type, patient monitoring for predicting seizures and follow up, and efficacious treatment are desperately needed. To improve this adverse outcome, miRNAs and the chaperone system (CS) are promising targets to understand pathogenic mechanisms and for developing theranostics applications. miRNAs implicated in conditions known or suspected to favor seizures such as neuroinflammation, to promote epileptic tolerance and neuronal survival, to regulate seizures, and others showing variations in expression levels related to seizures are promising candidates as useful biomarkers for diagnosis and patient monitoring, and as targets for developing novel therapies. Components of the CS are also promising as biomarkers and as therapeutic targets, since they participate in epileptogenic pathways and in cytoprotective mechanisms in various epileptogenic brain areas, even if what they do and how is not yet clear. The data in this review should help in the identification of molecular targets among the discussed miRNAs and CS components for research aiming at understanding epileptogenic mechanisms and, subsequently, develop means for predicting/preventing seizures and treating the disease.

Keywords: epilepsy; temporal lobe epilepsy; miRNA; chaperone system; molecular chaperones

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zummo, L.; Vitale, A.M.; Caruso Bavisotto, C.; De Curtis, M.; Garbelli, R.; Giallonardo, A.T.; Di Bonaventura, C.; Fanella, M.; Conway de Macario, E.; Cappello, F.; et al. Molecular Chaperones and miRNAs in Epilepsy: Pathogenic Implications and Therapeutic Prospects. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168601

AMA Style

Zummo L, Vitale AM, Caruso Bavisotto C, De Curtis M, Garbelli R, Giallonardo AT, Di Bonaventura C, Fanella M, Conway de Macario E, Cappello F, et al. Molecular Chaperones and miRNAs in Epilepsy: Pathogenic Implications and Therapeutic Prospects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(16):8601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168601

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zummo, Leila, Alessandra Maria Vitale, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto, Marco De Curtis, Rita Garbelli, Anna Teresa Giallonardo, Carlo Di Bonaventura, Martina Fanella, Everly Conway de Macario, Francesco Cappello, and et al. 2021. "Molecular Chaperones and miRNAs in Epilepsy: Pathogenic Implications and Therapeutic Prospects" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 8601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168601

APA Style

Zummo, L., Vitale, A. M., Caruso Bavisotto, C., De Curtis, M., Garbelli, R., Giallonardo, A. T., Di Bonaventura, C., Fanella, M., Conway de Macario, E., Cappello, F., Macario, A. J. L., & Marino Gammazza, A. (2021). Molecular Chaperones and miRNAs in Epilepsy: Pathogenic Implications and Therapeutic Prospects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(16), 8601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168601

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Molecular Chaperones and miRNAs in Epilepsy: Pathogenic Implications and Therapeutic Prospects

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