Carnosine Protects against Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Inhibiting Matrix-Metalloproteinases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Reduction of Infarct Volume in Ischemic Brain
2.2. Reduction of Edema
2.3. Effect of Carnosine on Brain Water Content
2.4. Suppression of MMP Activity by Carnosine in Ischemic Brain
2.5. Carnosine-Inhibition of MMPs in Enzymatic Assays
2.6. Inhibitory Effect of Carnosine on Zinc-Mediated MMP Activity
2.7. Protective Effect of TJ Proteins by Carnosine in OGD Exposure
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Animal Treatment
4.3. Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (pMCAO) in Rat
4.4. Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) Staining
4.5. Determination of Water Retention
4.6. Gelatin Zymography
4.7. In Vitro MMP Activity Assay
4.8. Cell Culture
4.9. Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD)
4.10. Immunofluorescence Staining
4.11. Statistics
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kim, E.-H.; Kim, E.-S.; Shin, D.; Kim, D.; Choi, S.; Shin, Y.-J.; Kim, K.-A.; Noh, D.; Caglayan, A.B.; Rajanikant, G.K.; et al. Carnosine Protects against Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Inhibiting Matrix-Metalloproteinases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147495
Kim E-H, Kim E-S, Shin D, Kim D, Choi S, Shin Y-J, Kim K-A, Noh D, Caglayan AB, Rajanikant GK, et al. Carnosine Protects against Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Inhibiting Matrix-Metalloproteinases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(14):7495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147495
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Eun-Hye, Eun-Sun Kim, Donggeun Shin, Donghyun Kim, Sungbin Choi, Young-Jun Shin, Kyeong-A Kim, Dabi Noh, Ahmet B. Caglayan, G.K. Rajanikant, and et al. 2021. "Carnosine Protects against Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Inhibiting Matrix-Metalloproteinases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14: 7495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147495