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Volume 22
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10.3390/ijms22126504
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Review

18F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

by
Peter Sang Uk Park
1,2,
William Y. Raynor
1,
Yusha Sun
2,
Thomas J. Werner
1,
Chamith S. Rajapakse
1,3 and
Abass Alavi
1,*
1
Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
2
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
3
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(12), 6504; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126504
Submission received: 18 May 2021 / Revised: 13 June 2021 / Accepted: 13 June 2021 / Published: 17 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoporosis)
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Abstract

In a healthy body, homeostatic actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts maintain the integrity of the skeletal system. When cellular activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts become abnormal, pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis, can occur. Traditional imaging modalities, such as radiographs, are insensitive to the early cellular changes that precede gross pathological findings, often leading to delayed disease diagnoses and suboptimal therapeutic strategies. 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF)-positron emission tomography (PET) is an emerging imaging modality with the potential for early diagnosis and monitoring of bone diseases through the detection of subtle metabolic changes. Specifically, the dissociated 18F- is incorporated into hydroxyapatite, and its uptake reflects osteoblastic activity and bone perfusion, allowing for the quantification of bone turnover. While 18F-NaF-PET has traditionally been used to detect metastatic bone disease, recent literature corroborates the use of 18F-NaF-PET in benign osseous conditions as well. In this review, we discuss the cellular mechanisms of 18F-NaF-PET and examine recent findings on its clinical application in diverse metabolic, autoimmune, and osteogenic bone disorders.
Keywords: 18F-sodium fluoride; 18F-NaF; PET; osteoporosis; Paget’s disease; hyperparathyroidism; ankylosing spondylitis; rheumatoid arthritis; osteosarcoma 18F-sodium fluoride; 18F-NaF; PET; osteoporosis; Paget’s disease; hyperparathyroidism; ankylosing spondylitis; rheumatoid arthritis; osteosarcoma

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MDPI and ACS Style

Park, P.S.U.; Raynor, W.Y.; Sun, Y.; Werner, T.J.; Rajapakse, C.S.; Alavi, A. 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 6504. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126504

AMA Style

Park PSU, Raynor WY, Sun Y, Werner TJ, Rajapakse CS, Alavi A. 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(12):6504. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126504

Chicago/Turabian Style

Park, Peter Sang Uk, William Y. Raynor, Yusha Sun, Thomas J. Werner, Chamith S. Rajapakse, and Abass Alavi. 2021. "18F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12: 6504. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126504

APA Style

Park, P. S. U., Raynor, W. Y., Sun, Y., Werner, T. J., Rajapakse, C. S., & Alavi, A. (2021). 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(12), 6504. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126504

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