Epigenetic Regulation of Auxin-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Auxin-Related miRNAs Fine-Tune the Genetic Network that Controls SE
3. Epigenetic Modifications and Auxin Responses Interact Closely to Control the Embryogenic Transition
3.1. DNA Methylation
3.2. Histone Methylation
3.3. Histone Acetylation
4. Concluding Remarks and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
2,4-D | 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid |
5-AzaC | 5-azacitidine |
5mC | 5-methylcytosine |
ABI3 | ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 |
AFB | AUXIN F-BOX PROTEIN |
AGL15 | AGAMOUS-LIKE15 |
ARF | AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR |
AuxRE | AUXIN RESPONSIVE ELEMENT |
CMT | CHROMOMETHYLASE |
FUS3 | FUSCA3 |
GB | gene body |
HAT | HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE |
HDAC | HISTONE DEACETYLASE |
IZE | IMMATURE ZYGOTIC EMBRYO |
LEC | LEAFY COTYLEDON |
MET1 | METHYLTRANSFERASE1 |
miRNA | microRNA |
P | promotor |
PcG | Polycomb-group |
PHB | PHABULOSA |
PHV | PHAVOLUTA |
PIN | PIN-FORMED |
PLT | PLETHORA |
PRC | POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX |
SE | somatic embryogenesis |
TF | transcription factor |
TIR1 | TRANSPORT INHIBITOR1 |
TrxG | Trithorax-group |
TSA | trichostatin A |
WOX | WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX |
WUS | WUSCHEL |
YUC | YUCCA |
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AUXIN PERCEPTION | AUXIN SIGNALING | AUXIN BIOSYNTHESIS | OTHER | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miRNA Name | miR393 | miR160 | miR167 | miR390 | miR165/166 | miR396 | miR164 | |
Target genes | TIR1, AFB1, AFB2, AFB3 | ARF10, ARF16, ARF17 | ARF6, ARF8 | TAS3, ARF2, ARF3, ARF4, ARF5 | PHB, PHV, HDZ31, HDZ32, HDZ33 | GRFs | NAC1, CUC1, CUC2 | |
SPECIES | A. thaliana | ● x | ● x | ● x | x | ● x | ● x | x |
Z. mays | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
C. sinensis | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
D. longan | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
G. hirsutum | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
L. leptolepis | x | x | x | ● x | x | x | ||
L. pomilum | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
L. tulipifera× L. chinense | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
T. aestivum | x | x | x | x | x | |||
P. balfouriana | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
O. sativa | x | x | x | |||||
C. nucifera | x | x | x | |||||
P. pinaster | x | x | x | x | x | |||
References | [55,61,63,65,70,71,72,73,88] | [55,61,62,63,64,65,68,71,73,75,78,79,82,85] | [55,56,57,58,61,62,63,64,65,67,71,74,75,78,82,85,89,90] | [55,57,58,61,62,63,65,66,71,75,78,82,85] | [55,56,57,58,59,61,62,63,65,70,71,73,74,75,78,82,85,86,87,89,90] | [55,59,61,65,67,69,70,71,72,75,78,79,83] | [55,57,58,61,62,63,69,70,71,73,74,78,79,85,89] |
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Wójcikowska, B.; Wójcik, A.M.; Gaj, M.D. Epigenetic Regulation of Auxin-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072307
Wójcikowska B, Wójcik AM, Gaj MD. Epigenetic Regulation of Auxin-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(7):2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072307
Chicago/Turabian StyleWójcikowska, Barbara, Anna M. Wójcik, and Małgorzata D. Gaj. 2020. "Epigenetic Regulation of Auxin-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7: 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072307