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Article

Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant

by
Tingyan Sun
1,
Wei Wu
1,
Haoxiang Wu
1,
Wei Rou
1,
Yinghui Zhou
1,
Tao Zhuo
1,
Xiaojing Fan
1,
Xun Hu
1 and
Huasong Zou
1,2,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2
Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(6), 2000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062000
Submission received: 13 February 2020 / Revised: 7 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 March 2020 / Published: 15 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Plant Sciences)
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Abstract

RipX of Ralstonia solanacearum is translocated into host cells by a type III secretion system and acts as a harpin-like protein to induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco plants. The molecular events in association with RipX-induced signaling transduction have not been fully elucidated. This work reports that transient expression of RipX induced a yellowing phenotype in Nicotiana benthamiana, coupled with activation of the defense reaction. Using yeast two-hybrid and split-luciferase complementation assays, mitochondrial ATP synthase F1 subunit α (ATPA) was identified as an interaction partner of RipX from N. benthamiana. Although a certain proportion was found in mitochondria, the YFP-ATPA fusion was able to localize to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. RFP-RipX fusion was found from the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Moreover, ATPA interacted with RipX at both the cell membrane and cytoplasm in vivo. Silencing of the atpA gene had no effect on the appearance of yellowing phenotype induced by RipX. However, the silenced plants improved the resistance to R. solanacearum. Moreover, qRT-PCR and promoter GUS fusion experiments revealed that the transcript levels of atpA were evidently reduced in response to expression of RipX. These data demonstrated that RipX exerts a suppressive effect on the transcription of atpA gene, to induce defense reaction in N. benthamiana.
Keywords: atpA gene; susceptibility; gene expression; RipX; Ralstonia solanacearum atpA gene; susceptibility; gene expression; RipX; Ralstonia solanacearum
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sun, T.; Wu, W.; Wu, H.; Rou, W.; Zhou, Y.; Zhuo, T.; Fan, X.; Hu, X.; Zou, H. Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062000

AMA Style

Sun T, Wu W, Wu H, Rou W, Zhou Y, Zhuo T, Fan X, Hu X, Zou H. Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(6):2000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062000

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sun, Tingyan, Wei Wu, Haoxiang Wu, Wei Rou, Yinghui Zhou, Tao Zhuo, Xiaojing Fan, Xun Hu, and Huasong Zou. 2020. "Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6: 2000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062000

APA Style

Sun, T., Wu, W., Wu, H., Rou, W., Zhou, Y., Zhuo, T., Fan, X., Hu, X., & Zou, H. (2020). Ralstonia solanacearum elicitor RipX Induces Defense Reaction by Suppressing the Mitochondrial atpA Gene in Host Plant. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(6), 2000. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062000

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