Lipid Metabolism and Cancer Immunotherapy: Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells at the Crossroad
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells
2.1. Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs)
2.2. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs)
3. Cancer Immunotherapy
3.1. Immune Checkpoint Blockade
3.2. Adoptive Cell Transfer
3.3. Cancer Vaccines
3.4. Cytokines
3.5. Reprogramming Myeloid Cells
3.5.1. Targeting TAMs in Cancer Therapy
3.5.2. Targeting MDSCs in Cancer Therapy
4. Obesity, Lipid Metabolism, Inflammation and Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells
4.1. Fatty Acids, Macrophage Polarization and MDSC Functions
4.2. Cholesterol Metabolism and Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells
5. Targeting Lipid Metabolism in Myeloid Cells to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy
5.1. Targeting Fatty Acid Metabolism
5.2. Targeting Cholesterol-Related Pathways
6. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACT | Adoptive cell transfer |
ARG1 | Arginase 1 |
CAR T | Chimeric antigen receptor T cell |
CAR M | Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage |
CCL | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand |
CCR | Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor |
COX | Cycloxygenase |
CSF1 | Colony-stimulating factor 1 (or M-CSF) |
CSF1R | CSF1 receptor |
CTLA4 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 |
CXCL | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand |
CXCR | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor |
FAO | Fatty acid oxidation |
FAS | Fatty acid synthesis |
FASN | Fatty acid synthase |
HDL | High-density lipoprotein |
HSC | Hematopoietic stem cell |
ICI | Immune checkpoint inhibitor |
IFN | Interferon |
IL | Interleukin |
iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
LDL | Low-density lipoprotein |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
LXR | Liver X receptor |
MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
NO | Nitric oxide |
PD-1 | Programmed-death protein 1 |
PD-L1 | PD-1 ligand |
PGC1β | PPAR-γ coactivator 1β |
PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
PPAR | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
RNS | Reactive nitrogen species |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
STAT | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
STING | Stimulator of interferon genes |
TCR T | T cell receptor-engineered T cell |
TDF | Tumor-derived factor |
TGF | Transforming growth factor |
TLR | Toll-like receptor |
TME | Tumor microenvironment |
TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
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Bleve, A.; Durante, B.; Sica, A.; Consonni, F.M. Lipid Metabolism and Cancer Immunotherapy: Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells at the Crossroad. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165845
Bleve A, Durante B, Sica A, Consonni FM. Lipid Metabolism and Cancer Immunotherapy: Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells at the Crossroad. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(16):5845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165845
Chicago/Turabian StyleBleve, Augusto, Barbara Durante, Antonio Sica, and Francesca Maria Consonni. 2020. "Lipid Metabolism and Cancer Immunotherapy: Immunosuppressive Myeloid Cells at the Crossroad" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16: 5845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165845