Osteoporosis in Skin Diseases
1
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
2
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(13), 4749; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134749
Received: 1 June 2020
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Revised: 30 June 2020
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Accepted: 1 July 2020
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Published: 3 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Secondary Osteoporosis in Adults)
Osteoporosis (OP) is defined as a generalized skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and an alteration of the microarchitecture that lead to an increase in bone fragility and, therefore, an increased risk of fractures. It must be considered today as a true public health problem and the most widespread metabolic bone disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Under physiological conditions, there is a balance between bone formation and bone resorption necessary for skeletal homeostasis. In pathological situations, this balance is altered in favor of osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption. During chronic inflammation, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption may be considerably affected, contributing to a net prevalence of osteoclastogenesis. Skin diseases are the fourth cause of human disease in the world, affecting approximately one third of the world’s population with a prevalence in elderly men. Inflammation and the various associated cytokine patterns are the basis of both osteoporosis and most skin pathologies. Moreover, dermatological patients also undergo local or systemic treatments with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants that could increase the risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to bone health in these patients. The purpose of the present review is to take stock of the knowledge in this still quite unexplored field, despite the frequency of such conditions in clinical practice.
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Keywords:
osteoporosis; dermatology; skin; skin diseases; bone; skeletal health; psoriasis; eczema; atopic dermatitis; urticaria; pemphigus; vitiligo
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MDPI and ACS Style
Sirufo, M.M.; De Pietro, F.; Bassino, E.M.; Ginaldi, L.; De Martinis, M. Osteoporosis in Skin Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4749. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134749
AMA Style
Sirufo MM, De Pietro F, Bassino EM, Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. Osteoporosis in Skin Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(13):4749. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134749
Chicago/Turabian StyleSirufo, Maria M., Francesca De Pietro, Enrica M. Bassino, Lia Ginaldi, and Massimo De Martinis. 2020. "Osteoporosis in Skin Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13: 4749. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134749
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