NRF2 Knockdown Resensitizes 5-Fluorouracil-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Suppressing HO-1 and ABCG2 Expression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. NRF2 Is Overexpressed in 5-FU-Resistant Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
2.2. EMT Markers, Stemness Markers, and ATP Binding Cassette, Subfamily G, Member A2 (ABCG-2) Are Upregulated in 5-FU-Resistant Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
2.3. Silencing of NRF2 Resensitizes 5-FU-Resistant Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells to 5-FU by Suppressing HO-1 and ABCG2
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents and Materials
4.2. Cell Lines and Cell Culture Conditions
4.3. Sphere Culture
4.4. Cell Viability
4.5. Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)
4.6. Transfection of Small Interfering RNAs
4.7. Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
4.8. Invasion Assay
4.9. Migration Assay (Wound Healing Assay)
4.10. Sphere Formation Assay
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NRF2 | Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 |
PDAC | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
5-FU | 5-Fluourouracil |
5-FUR | 5-Fluourouracil-resistant |
HO-1 | Heme oxygenase 1 |
NQO1 | NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 |
SOD2 | Superoxide dismutase 2 |
EMT | Epithelial mesenchymal transition |
ABC | ATP-binding cassette |
IC50 | Maximal half inhibitory concentration |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
ABCG-2 | ATP binding cassette, subfamily G, member A2 |
NC | Negative control |
shRNA | Short hairpin RNA |
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Kim, E.J.; Kim, Y.J.; Lee, H.I.; Jeong, S.-H.; Nam, H.J.; Cho, J.H. NRF2 Knockdown Resensitizes 5-Fluorouracil-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Suppressing HO-1 and ABCG2 Expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134646
Kim EJ, Kim YJ, Lee HI, Jeong S-H, Nam HJ, Cho JH. NRF2 Knockdown Resensitizes 5-Fluorouracil-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Suppressing HO-1 and ABCG2 Expression. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(13):4646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134646
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Eui Joo, Yoon Jae Kim, Hye In Lee, Seok-Hoo Jeong, Hyo Jung Nam, and Jae Hee Cho. 2020. "NRF2 Knockdown Resensitizes 5-Fluorouracil-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Suppressing HO-1 and ABCG2 Expression" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13: 4646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134646