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Article

EP3 Is an Independent Prognostic Marker Only for Unifocal Breast Cancer Cases

by
Alaleh Zati Zehni
1,
Udo Jeschke
1,2,*,
Anna Hester
1,
Thomas Kolben
1,
Nina Ditsch
1,2,
Sven-Niclas Jacob
3,
Jan-Niclas Mumm
4,
Helene Hildegard Heidegger
5,
Sven Mahner
1 and
Theresa Vilsmaier
5
1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Breast Center, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Universität Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
3
Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
4
Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
5
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Breast Center, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(12), 4418; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124418
Submission received: 27 May 2020 / Revised: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 / Published: 22 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Cancer: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches)
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 (EP3) receptor expression might have on the two different breast cancer entities: multifocal/multicentric versus unifocal. As the prognosis determining aspects, we investigated the overall- and disease-free survival by uni-and multivariate analysis. To underline the study’s conclusion, we additionally considered the histopathological grading and the tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system. A retrospective statistical analysis was performed on survival related events in a series of 289 sporadic breast cancer (BC) patients treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Ludwig–Maximillian’s University in Munich between 2000 and 2002. The EP3 receptor expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and showed to have a significantly positive association with breast cancer prognosis for both entities, although with major differences. Patients with unifocal BC with EP3 receptor expression showed a significant improved overall survival, in contrast to the patient cohort with multifocal/multicentric BC. In this group, EP3 expression revealed its positive impact merely five years after initial diagnosis. Underlining the positive influence of EP3 as a positive prognosticator notably for unifocal breast cancer, only this patient cohort showed favorable outcomes in staging and grading. Especially EP3 expression in unifocal breast cancer was identified as an independent prognostic marker for the overall survival, when adjusted for age, grading, and staging. Altogether, our results strengthen the need to further investigate the behavior of EP3 in breast cancer and understand why markers linked to inflammation show different effects on prognosis and clinicopathological parameters on each focality type.
Keywords: breast cancer; focality; prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 (EP3); prognosis; unifocal; multifocal breast cancer; focality; prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 (EP3); prognosis; unifocal; multifocal

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zati Zehni, A.; Jeschke, U.; Hester, A.; Kolben, T.; Ditsch, N.; Jacob, S.-N.; Mumm, J.-N.; Heidegger, H.H.; Mahner, S.; Vilsmaier, T. EP3 Is an Independent Prognostic Marker Only for Unifocal Breast Cancer Cases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124418

AMA Style

Zati Zehni A, Jeschke U, Hester A, Kolben T, Ditsch N, Jacob S-N, Mumm J-N, Heidegger HH, Mahner S, Vilsmaier T. EP3 Is an Independent Prognostic Marker Only for Unifocal Breast Cancer Cases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(12):4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124418

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zati Zehni, Alaleh, Udo Jeschke, Anna Hester, Thomas Kolben, Nina Ditsch, Sven-Niclas Jacob, Jan-Niclas Mumm, Helene Hildegard Heidegger, Sven Mahner, and Theresa Vilsmaier. 2020. "EP3 Is an Independent Prognostic Marker Only for Unifocal Breast Cancer Cases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12: 4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124418

APA Style

Zati Zehni, A., Jeschke, U., Hester, A., Kolben, T., Ditsch, N., Jacob, S.-N., Mumm, J.-N., Heidegger, H. H., Mahner, S., & Vilsmaier, T. (2020). EP3 Is an Independent Prognostic Marker Only for Unifocal Breast Cancer Cases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(12), 4418. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124418

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