Pathogenic Puppetry: Manipulation of the Host Actin Cytoskeleton by Chlamydia trachomatis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. A Multilayered Assault: Chlamydia Redistributes the Actin Cytoskeleton to Invade Host Cells
2.1. Actin Modulation during Transient Chlamydial Adhesion
2.2. Actin Modulation during Irreversible Chlamydial Attachment
2.3. TarP, a Multifunctional Actin-Recruiting Effector
2.4. Actin-Depolymerizing Chlamydial Effectors
3. Life after Invasion: Chlamydia Modulates Actin for Inclusion Stability and Host Egress
3.1. Actin-Mediated Reinforcement of the Inclusion
3.2. The Role of Actin in Chlamydial Extrusion
4. Conclusions and Summary
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
G-actin | Globular actin |
F-actin | Filamentous actin |
Arp2/3 | Actin-related protein 2/3 |
NPF | Nucleation promotion factor |
N-WASP | Neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein |
WAVE | WASP-family verprolin-homologous family protein |
WASH | Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome and SCAR homolog |
GTP | Guanosine-5’-triphosphate |
EPEC | Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli |
EHEC | Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli |
T3SS | Type III Secretion System |
EB | Elementary body |
GAG | Glycosaminoglycan |
MOMP | Major outer membrane protein |
FGF | Fibroblast growth factor |
FGFR | Fibroblast growth factor receptor |
PDGFRβ | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta |
Abl | Abelson-family kinase |
TarP | Translocated actin recruitment protein |
EGTA | Ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid |
PRD | Proline-rich domain |
ABD | Actin binding domain |
FAK | Focal adhesion kinase |
LD | Leucine-aspartatic acid repeat domain |
VBD | Vinculin binding domain |
ECM | Extracellular matrix |
EMT | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
hpi | Hours post-infection |
MEF | Mouse embryonic fibroblast |
MTOC | Microtubule organizing center |
ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
MVB | Multivesicular body |
ROCK | Rho-associated protein kinase |
CPAF | Chlamydial protease/proteasome-like activity factor |
MLC2 | Myosin light chain 2 |
MLCK | Myosin light chain kinase |
MYPT1 | Myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 |
PP2 | Protein phosphatase 2 |
IPTR3 | Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 3 |
SRF | Serum response factor |
MRTF | Myocardin-related transcription factor |
INM | Inner nuclear membrane |
LINC | Linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton |
ILK | Integrin-linked kinase |
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Caven, L.; Carabeo, R.A. Pathogenic Puppetry: Manipulation of the Host Actin Cytoskeleton by Chlamydia trachomatis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010090
Caven L, Carabeo RA. Pathogenic Puppetry: Manipulation of the Host Actin Cytoskeleton by Chlamydia trachomatis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(1):90. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010090
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaven, Liam, and Rey A. Carabeo. 2020. "Pathogenic Puppetry: Manipulation of the Host Actin Cytoskeleton by Chlamydia trachomatis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1: 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010090