Targeting Tumor Markers with Antisense Peptides: An Example of Human Prostate Specific Antigen
by
Nikola Štambuk 1,*,†
, Paško Konjevoda 2,†, Petra Turčić 3,*, Hrvoje Šošić 4, Gorana Aralica 5,6, Damir Babić 6,7, Sven Seiwerth 6,7, Željko Kaštelan 8, Renata Novak Kujundžić 2, Piotr Wardega 9, Jelena Barać Žutelija 10, Ana Gudelj Gračanin 11 and Mario Gabričević 12
Nikola Štambuk 1,*,†, Paško Konjevoda 2,†, Petra Turčić 3,*, Hrvoje Šošić 4, Gorana Aralica 5,6, Damir Babić 6,7, Sven Seiwerth 6,7, Željko Kaštelan 8, Renata Novak Kujundžić 2, Piotr Wardega 9, Jelena Barać Žutelija 10, Ana Gudelj Gračanin 11 and Mario Gabričević 12
1
Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
3
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Domagojeva 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
4
Department of Urology, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Šoltanska 1, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
5
University Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
6
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
7
Department of Pathology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
8
Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
9
NanoTemper Technologies sp. z o.o., Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
10
Clincal Department of Pathology “Ljudevit Jurak”, Clinical Hospital Center “Sestre milosrdnice”, Vinogradska 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
11
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Dubrava University Hospital, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
12
Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(9), 2090; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092090
Received: 24 January 2019 / Revised: 5 April 2019 / Accepted: 25 April 2019 / Published: 28 April 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
The purpose of this paper was to outline the development of short peptide targeting of the human prostate specific antigen (hPSA), and to evaluate its effectiveness in staining PSA in human prostate cancer tissue. The targeting of the hPSA antigen by means of antisense peptide AVRDKVG was designed according to a three-step method involving: 1. The selection of the molecular target (hPSA epitope), 2. the modeling of an antisense peptide (paratope) based on the epitope sequence, and 3. the spectroscopic evaluation of sense–antisense peptide binding. We then modified standard hPSA immunohistochemical staining practice by using a biotinylated antisense peptide instead of the standard monoclonal antibody and compared the results of both procedures. Immunochemical testing on human tissue showed the applicability of the antisense peptide technology to human molecular targets. This methodology represents a new approach to deriving peptide ligands and potential lead compounds for the development of novel diagnostic substances, biopharmaceuticals and vaccines.
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Keywords:
neoplasm; prostate specific antigen; biomarker; antisense peptide; immunohistochemistry; nanomedicine
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MDPI and ACS Style
Štambuk, N.; Konjevoda, P.; Turčić, P.; Šošić, H.; Aralica, G.; Babić, D.; Seiwerth, S.; Kaštelan, Ž.; Kujundžić, R.N.; Wardega, P.; Žutelija, J.B.; Gračanin, A.G.; Gabričević, M. Targeting Tumor Markers with Antisense Peptides: An Example of Human Prostate Specific Antigen. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2090.
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