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Volume 20
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10.3390/ijms20225793
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Article

The Chemokine CXCL16 Is a New Biomarker for Lymph Node Analysis of Colon Cancer Outcome

by
Manar AbdelMageed
1,2,3,
Haytham Ali
1,2,3,
Lina Olsson
1,
Gudrun Lindmark
4,
Marie-Louise Hammarström
1,
Sten Hammarström
1 and
Basel Sitohy
1,2,*
1
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
2
Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
4
Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-25187 Helsingborg, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(22), 5793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225793
Submission received: 15 October 2019 / Revised: 7 November 2019 / Accepted: 13 November 2019 / Published: 18 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemokines in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases)
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Abstract

Chemokines are important in the development and progression of tumors. We investigated the expression of CXCL14 and CXCL16 in colon cancer. Expression of mRNA was assessed in primary tumors and lymph nodes and CXCL16 mRNA levels were correlated to patient’s survival. Protein expression was investigated by two-color immunofluorescence and immunomorphometry. CXCL14 and CXCL16 mRNA levels and protein expression were significantly higher in colon cancer primary tumors compared to apparently normal colon tissue. Positive cells were tumor cells, as revealed by anti-CEA and anti-EpCAM staining. CXCL16, but not CXCL14, mRNA levels were significantly higher in hematoxylin and eosin positive (H&E(+)) compared to H&E(−) colon cancer lymph nodes or control nodes (P < 0.0001). CXCL16 mRNA was expressed in 5/5 colon cancer cell lines while CXCL14 was expressed significantly in only one. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that colon cancer patients with lymph nodes expressing high or very high levels (7.2 and 11.4 copies/18S rRNA unit, respectively) of CXCL16 mRNA had a decreased mean survival time of 30 and 46 months at the 12-year follow-up (P = 0.04, P = 0.005, respectively). In conclusion, high expression of CXCL16 mRNA in regional lymph nodes of colon cancer patients is a sign of a poor prognosis.
Keywords: chemokines; CXCL17; CEA; EpCAM; qRT-PCR; immunohistochemistry; immunomorphometry chemokines; CXCL17; CEA; EpCAM; qRT-PCR; immunohistochemistry; immunomorphometry

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MDPI and ACS Style

AbdelMageed, M.; Ali, H.; Olsson, L.; Lindmark, G.; Hammarström, M.-L.; Hammarström, S.; Sitohy, B. The Chemokine CXCL16 Is a New Biomarker for Lymph Node Analysis of Colon Cancer Outcome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225793

AMA Style

AbdelMageed M, Ali H, Olsson L, Lindmark G, Hammarström M-L, Hammarström S, Sitohy B. The Chemokine CXCL16 Is a New Biomarker for Lymph Node Analysis of Colon Cancer Outcome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(22):5793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225793

Chicago/Turabian Style

AbdelMageed, Manar, Haytham Ali, Lina Olsson, Gudrun Lindmark, Marie-Louise Hammarström, Sten Hammarström, and Basel Sitohy. 2019. "The Chemokine CXCL16 Is a New Biomarker for Lymph Node Analysis of Colon Cancer Outcome" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22: 5793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225793

APA Style

AbdelMageed, M., Ali, H., Olsson, L., Lindmark, G., Hammarström, M.-L., Hammarström, S., & Sitohy, B. (2019). The Chemokine CXCL16 Is a New Biomarker for Lymph Node Analysis of Colon Cancer Outcome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(22), 5793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225793

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