Emerging Anticancer Potentials of Selenium on Osteosarcoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Search
3. Evidence from In Vitro Study
3.1. Selenium Exerts Cytotoxicity, Anti-Proliferation and Pro-Apoptotic Activities on Osteosarcoma Cells
3.2. Molecular Mechanism of Selenium-Induced Osteosarcoma Cell Death
3.3. Role of Selenium in the Tumour Microenvironment
3.4. Selenium as a Bone Implant Material
4. Evidence from Animal and Human Studies
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AMPK | 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
ATM | Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase |
Bad | Bcl-2−associated death promoter protein |
BAX | Bcl-2−associated x gene |
Bcl-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
Bcl-XL | B-cell lymphoma-extra large |
BGLAP3 | Bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein 3 |
BMSCs | Bone marrow stem cells |
BRCA1 | Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility gene |
CASP3 | Caspase-3 gene |
CASP9 | Caspase-9 gene |
CDK-2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase-2 |
FOXO3a | Forkhead Box O3a protein |
HA | Hydroxyapatite |
MMP-9 | Matrix metallopeptidase-9 |
MnTMPyP | Manganese(iii) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin |
MSeA | Methyseleninic acid |
NO | Nitric oxide |
NPC | Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial |
Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2−related factor 2 |
O2−• | Superoxide anion |
PARP | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase |
PLLA | Poly-l-lactic acid |
pTEN | Tumour suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
RSeOH | Seleninic acid |
SeC | Selenocysteine |
SeHA | Seo32−-containing HA |
SeHA/ALG | Selenium-containing Hydroxyapatite/Alginate |
SeHA/ALG RIS I | Seha/AIG granules with risedronate sodium during formation |
SeHA/ALG RIS II | Seha/AIG granules with risedronate sodium and potassium chloride during formation |
SeHAN | Selenite-substituted HA nanoparticles |
SeMet | Selenomethionine |
Se-MSC | Selenium-methylselenocysteine |
SeNP-PLLA | Selenium-coated poly-l-lactic acid nanocomposites |
SeO2 | Selenium dioxide |
SeO32− | Selenite |
SeO42− | Selenate |
Se-Poly | Selenium-polysaccharide |
Ser | Serine |
tBid | Truncated BH3 interacting-domain death agonist protein |
WRN | Werner syndrome protein |
γH2Ax | Phosphorylated H2A histone family member x |
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Selenium Types | In vitro Models | Treatment Condition | Results | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
SeO2 | Human osteosarcoma MG-63, U-2 OS and Saos-2 cells | 0.02−20 µg/mL (equivalent to 0.18–180.25 µM) for 24 h |
| [49] |
SeO32− | Primary rat growth plate chondrocytes and non-tumourigenic mouse osteoblast MC3T3 cells | Treatment with SeO32− (0.005–25 µM). Treatment time not indicated. |
| [86] |
Pretreatment with 0.05 µM SeO32−. Treatment time not indicated. |
| |||
Human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells | Pretreatment of SeO32− (0.01–10 µM) for 1 h, followed by 24 h cisplatin treatment |
| [61] | |
Human blood lymphocytes | Pretreatment of SeO32− (0.01–10 µM) for 1 h, followed by 150 cGy γ irradiation |
| ||
Human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells, non-tumourigenic human embryonic kidney 293 cells and rat skeletal muscle L6 cells | Treated (5–40 µM) for 24–48 h |
| [50] | |
Se-Poly | Human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells | Treated with 25–200 µg/mL of purified Se-Poly for 24 to 72 h |
| [51] |
MSeA | Human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells | Treated with MSeA (0–10 µM) for 48 h with or without the knockdown of WRN |
| [52] |
Treated with 1.5 and 5 µM MSeA up to 72 h |
| [53] | ||
Se-MSC | Human osteosarcoma MG-63 and U-2 OS cellsDrug-resistant human osteosarcoma Saos-2/MTX300 cells | Treated with Se-MSC (0–150 µM) up to 96 h |
| [54] |
Treated with Se-MSC (0–250 µM) up to 96 h |
| |||
SeC | Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells | Treated with SeC (0–20 µM) up to 72 h |
| [55] |
SeO32−-doping titanium substrate | Mouse osteosarcoma K7M2−pCl Neo cells and non-tumourigenic human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cells | Cultured on selenite-doping titanium surface for 4, 24 and/or 72 h |
| [56] |
Cultured K7M2−pCl Neo cells and hFOB 1.19 cells with acellular media that collected from selenium-doping orthopaedic implant material (3 days incubation) for 3 days |
| |||
Mouse osteosarcoma osteoblast from ATCC (unknown cell types) and normal primary human calvarial osteoblast | Cultured on SeO32−-doping titanium surface for 3 days |
| [87] | |
Both cancerous and normal osteoblast were co-cultured on the uncoated or SeO32−-doping titanium surfaces for 4–65 h |
| |||
Selenium-doped calcium phosphate coating | Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and non-tumourigenic preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells | Cultured the cells with selenium-doped coatings (0.6 and 2.7 at% selenium) for 24 h or up to 21 days incubation |
| [58] |
SeNP-PLLA nanocomposites | Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and non-tumourigenic foetal osteoblast hFOB cells | Incubated with SeNP-PLLA (0.025M SeO32−) for 48 h |
| [59] |
SeHAN | Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and normal human BMSCs | SeHAN with different preparation concentration and treatment concentration (50–200 µg/mL) was added into culture medium with a monolayer of osteosarcoma cells for 3 days |
| [60] |
Human osteosarcoma MNNG/HOS cells | SeHANs (3, 6 and 10% molar ratio of selenium and phosphate) in pH 5.0 and pH 7.4 were added to a monolayer of osteosarcoma cells at 50 µg/mL up to 24 h (2 µM sodium SeO32− as control) |
| [66] | |
SeHA | Mouse osteosarcoma K7M2 cells and normal primary mouse lung fibroblast (isolated from C57B/6/J mouse lungs) | SeHA (0.102−3.0 wt%) in 2 mg/mL were added to monolayer cells for 48 h |
| [57] |
Non-tumourigenic mouse calvarial preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells | SeHA (0.102−3.0 wt%) in 5 mg/mL were added to fibroblast for 72 h |
| ||
SeHA/ALG | Human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells and non-tumourigenic hFOB 1.19 cells | Treated with supernatant extracts (50 and 100%) from SeHA/ALG, SeHA/ALG/RIS I and II for 24 h |
| [62] |
Selenium Types | In vivo Models and Treatment | Positive Results | Negative Results | Ref |
SeO2 | BALB/c nu/nu mice with subcutaneous human osteosarcoma KOS xenograft were fed with SeO2−containing drinking water (0.2 and 2 µg/mL) until day 44 after inoculation |
|
| [49] |
SeO32− | α-tocopherol acetate (0.5 mg) with or without SeO32− (10 µg) was injected intraperitoneally into 90Sr-induced osteosarcoma mice every 2 weeks, starting from day 105 after exposure until 14-month. The regime changed to 30-day intervals for the rest of the life-span. |
| [98] | |
Se-Poly | U-2 OS xenograft (100 mm3) BALB/c nude mice were orally treated with Se-Poly from Ziyang green tea (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) daily for 28 days. |
| [51] | |
SeC | Nude mice with MG-63 xenograft (50 mm3) was treated with intravenous injection of SeC (5 and 10 mg/kg/day) every other day for 2 weeks |
| [55] | |
SeHAN | Nude mice with an orthotopic intrafemorally injection of SOSP-9607 xenograft were treated with intratumoural injection of SeHAN for 30 days |
| [97] | |
BALB/c nude mice with osteosarcoma xenograft (100 mm3) were treated with intratumoural injection of 10%SeHAN every 3 days for 30 days |
| [66] | ||
Selenium levels | Nine osteosarcoma patients and nine non-osteosarcoma patients |
| [54] | |
Paired osteosarcoma and normal bone tissues from 14 osteosarcoma patients |
|
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Pang, K.-L.; Chin, K.-Y. Emerging Anticancer Potentials of Selenium on Osteosarcoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215318
Pang K-L, Chin K-Y. Emerging Anticancer Potentials of Selenium on Osteosarcoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(21):5318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215318
Chicago/Turabian StylePang, Kok-Lun, and Kok-Yong Chin. 2019. "Emerging Anticancer Potentials of Selenium on Osteosarcoma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21: 5318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215318