Cross-Talk between Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Provoked Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Noncoding RNA Expression in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of SLE
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Epigenetic Regulations of Gene Expression/Silencing in Physiological Conditions
2.1. Abnormal DNA Methylation/Demethylation in SLE
2.2. Abnormal Histone Modification in SLE
2.3. Physiological Functions of ncRNAs
2.4. Aberrant Intracellular and Extracellular Exosomal ncRNA Expression in Association with Pathological Changes in Patients with SLE
3. Increased Oxidative Stress in Patients with SLE
3.1. Causes of Excessive Oxidative Stress in SLE
3.2. Effects of Excessive Oxidative Stress on the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology in SLE Patients
4. Cross-Talk Between Oxidative Stress and ncRNAs in Physiological Condition
4.1. Excessive Oxidative Stress May Influence ncRNA Expression in Various Diseases
4.2. Aberrant ncRNA Expression Induces Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance in Different Pathological Processes
5. Antioxidant Therapy and Manipulation of Epigenetic Expression to Treat Patients with SLE
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
C.V | cardiovascular |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
DNMT | DNA methyltransfersase |
FcγR | Immunoglobulin G Fragment C-gamma receptor |
GLUT | glucose transporter |
GSH | reduced form glutathione |
GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
GST | glutathione S-transferase |
HAT | histone acetyltransferase |
HDAC | histone deacetylase |
IFN | interferon |
IL | interleukin |
LN | lupus nephritis |
lncRNA | long noncoding ribonucleic acid |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
MHC | major histocompatibility complex |
miR | microRNA |
mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
NAC | N-acetylcysteine |
ncRNA | non-coding RNA |
NET | neutrophil extracellular trap |
Ras | rat sarcoma protein, a superfamily of small GTPase |
RNS | reactive nitrogen species |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SIRT1 | sirtuin 1 |
SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
SLEDAI | SLE disease activity index |
SLEDAI-2K | SLEDAI in 2000 year |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
TET | ten-eleven translocation DNA dioxygenase |
Th | helper T cell |
Treg | regulatory T cell |
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|
SLE | lnc RNA Expression | Target mRNA | Pathological Processes |
---|---|---|---|
Intracellular [103,104,105,106] | |||
NEAT1↑* | IL-6↑, IFN↑, CXCL10↑ | DNA hypomethylation | |
MALAT1↑ | IL-21↑, SIRT1↑ | SLEDAI-2K↑ | |
Linc0597↑ | TNF-α↑, IL-6↑ | ESR↑, CRP↑, C3 ↓, | |
Linc DC↑ | STAT3↑ | Th1↑ | |
ENST00000604411.1↑ | XIST | SLEDAI score↑ | |
ENST000005011222↑ | NEAT1 | ||
Linc 0949↓ | TNF-α↑, IL-6↑ | Inflammation↑ | |
Linc-HSFY2-3:3↓ | - | SLEDAI score↑ | |
Linc-SERPIN139-1:2↓ | - | ||
Gas 5↓ | Apoptotic gene↓ | T cell apoptosis↓ | |
Circulating plasma exosomal [98] | |||
Linc0597↑ | TNF-α↑, IL-6↑ | MAPK signaling↑ | |
Lnc0640↑ | Phosphatase 4 (DUSP4)↑ | Lupus pathogenesis | |
Lnc5150↑ | Arrestin β2 (ARRB2)↑ | ||
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase A5 (RPS6KA5)↑ | |||
Gas 5↓ | Apoptotic gene↓ | T cell apoptosis↓ | |
Lnc 7074↓ |
SLE | miRNA | Target mRNA | Pathological Process | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intracellular [82,83,84,85,86] | ● Increase in: | |||
miR-21* | Arylamide small nucleotide inhibiors | DNA hypomethylation↑ | ||
miR-524-5p | Jagged-1, Hes-1 | IFN-γ↑, SLEDAI↑ | ||
miR-126 | KRAS | |||
miR-148a | PTEN | |||
● Decrease in: | ||||
miR-142-3p | HMGB-1 | T and B activation↑ | ||
miR-142-5p | PD-L1 | |||
miR-146a* | IRF-5, STAF-1 | Innate immune response↑, lupus nephritis↑ | ||
miR-224↑ | API5 | Type 1, IFN↑ | ||
miR199-3p↑ | PARP-1 | IL-10↑ | ||
● Decrease in: | ||||
miR-31 | RhoA | Cell apoptosis↑ | ||
miR-142-3p | HMGB-1 | |||
miR410 | STAT3 | |||
miR-125a | STAT3, hexokinase 2, NEDDG | IL-10↑ | ||
miR-125b* | Claudin 2, cingulin, SYVN1 | |||
mi-1273e | Th17/Treg ratio↑ | |||
miR-3201 | ||||
Circulating plasma [87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94] | ● Increase in: | |||
miR-142-3p | IL-1β | |||
miR-181a | FoxO1 | |||
hsa-miR-30e-5p hsa-miR-92a-3p | Oral ulcer and lupus anticoagulant | |||
hsa-miR-223-3p | ||||
miR-16-5p | p38MAPK, NF-κB | |||
miR-223-3p | Voltage-gated K+ channel KV4.2 | |||
miR-451 | LKB1/AMPK | |||
● Decrease in: | ||||
miR-106a | THBS2 | |||
miR-17 | JAB1/CSN5 | |||
miR-20a | IkBβ | |||
miR-203 | ZEB1 | |||
miR-92a | p63 | |||
miR-146a | JAK2/STAT3 | |||
miR-1202 | cyclin dependent kinase 14 | |||
Urinary exosomal (lupus Nephritis) [95,96] | ● Increase in: | |||
miR-125a | STAT3, hexokinase 2, NEDDG | Glomerulonephritis | ||
miR-146* | NF-κB | |||
miR-150 | Akt3 | |||
miR-155 | PTEN, Wnt/β-catenin | |||
● Decrease in: | ||||
miR-141 | Tram1, GL/2, TGF-β | Glomerulonephritis | ||
miR-192 | nin one binding protein | |||
miR-200a | HMGB1/RAGE | |||
miR-200c | ZEB1, Notch 1 | |||
miR-221 | BIM-Bax/Bak, TIMP3 | |||
miR-222 | PPP2R2A/Akt/mTOR, PCSK9 | |||
miR-429 | TRAF6, DLC-1, HIF-1α | |||
● Decrease in: | ||||
miR-3201 | Endocapillary glomerular inflammation | |||
miR-1273e |
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Share and Cite
Tsai, C.-Y.; Hsieh, S.-C.; Lu, C.-S.; Wu, T.-H.; Liao, H.-T.; Wu, C.-H.; Li, K.-J.; Kuo, Y.-M.; Lee, H.-T.; Shen, C.-Y.; et al. Cross-Talk between Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Provoked Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Noncoding RNA Expression in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of SLE. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5183. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205183
Tsai C-Y, Hsieh S-C, Lu C-S, Wu T-H, Liao H-T, Wu C-H, Li K-J, Kuo Y-M, Lee H-T, Shen C-Y, et al. Cross-Talk between Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Provoked Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Noncoding RNA Expression in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of SLE. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5183. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205183
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Chang-Youh, Song-Chou Hsieh, Cheng-Shiun Lu, Tsai-Hung Wu, Hsien-Tzung Liao, Cheng-Han Wu, Ko-Jen Li, Yu-Min Kuo, Hui-Ting Lee, Chieh-Yu Shen, and et al. 2019. "Cross-Talk between Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Provoked Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Noncoding RNA Expression in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of SLE" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5183. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205183