Treadmill Running in Established Phase Arthritis Inhibits Joint Destruction in Rat Rheumatoid Arthritis Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Kinetic Change in Body Weight and Paw Volume
2.2. Effect of Treadmill Running on Articular Cartilage
2.3. Influence of Treadmill Running on the Production of TNF-α and Cx43 in the Synovium
2.4. Prevention of Bone Loss by Treadmill Running
2.5. Effects of Treadmill Running on Bone Erosion
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. CIA Model
4.2. Treadmill Running Protocol
4.3. Body Weight, Paw Volume, and Clinical Score
4.4. Histochemical Analyses and Semi-Quantitative Analyses
4.5. Immunohistochemical Analyses
4.6. Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
µ-CT | micro-computed tomography |
ADL | activities of daily living |
bDMARDs | biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs |
BMC/TV | bone mineral content per tissue volume |
BV/TV | bone volume fraction |
CIA | collagen-induced arthritis |
Cx43 | connexin 43 |
Es/Rps | eroded bone surface per repaired bone surface |
H&E | hematoxylin and eosin |
IL | interleukin |
MSV | marrow star volume |
OA | osteoarthritis |
PAL | pre-arthritis intervention long |
PAS | pre-arthritis intervention short |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
SPSS | Statistical Package for Social Sciences |
T | therapeutic intervention |
Tb.Th | trabecular thickness |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
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Fujii, Y.; Inoue, H.; Arai, Y.; Shimomura, S.; Nakagawa, S.; Kishida, T.; Tsuchida, S.; Kamada, Y.; Kaihara, K.; Shirai, T.; et al. Treadmill Running in Established Phase Arthritis Inhibits Joint Destruction in Rat Rheumatoid Arthritis Models. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205100
Fujii Y, Inoue H, Arai Y, Shimomura S, Nakagawa S, Kishida T, Tsuchida S, Kamada Y, Kaihara K, Shirai T, et al. Treadmill Running in Established Phase Arthritis Inhibits Joint Destruction in Rat Rheumatoid Arthritis Models. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205100
Chicago/Turabian StyleFujii, Yuta, Hiroaki Inoue, Yuji Arai, Seiji Shimomura, Shuji Nakagawa, Tsunao Kishida, Shinji Tsuchida, Yoichiro Kamada, Kenta Kaihara, Toshiharu Shirai, and et al. 2019. "Treadmill Running in Established Phase Arthritis Inhibits Joint Destruction in Rat Rheumatoid Arthritis Models" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205100