Extracellular Matrix in Regulation of Contractile System in Cardiomyocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Overview
3. Actin-Based Contractile Systems in Muscle and Non-Muscle Cells
3.1. Actin Cytoskeleton
3.2. Actin Filaments in Myofibrillar Apparatus
3.3. Actin Isoforms
4. Dynamics of Contractile Apparatus in Cardiomyocytes
4.1. Myofibrillogenesis
4.2. Actin Isoform Switching during Differentiation of Cardiomyocytes
4.3. Rearrangements of Contractile Apparatus in Cardiomyocytes in Culture
5. Extracellular Matrix
5.1. Cardiac Extracellular Matrix
5.2. Extracellular Matrix in Heart Development
5.3. Extracellular Matrix in Cardiogenic Differentiation Methods
5.4. Culturing of Cardiomyocytes in the Presence of Extracellular Matrix
5.5. Extracellular Matrix Production by Cardiomyocytes in Culture
6. Integrins in Cardiomyocytes
7. Possible Mechanisms of Integrin-Mediated Regulation of Actin Contractile System in Cardiomyocytes
8. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CMs | Cardiomyocytes |
ECM | Extracellular matrix |
SMA | Smooth muscle actin |
ILK | Integrin-linked kinase |
FAK | Focal adhesion kinase |
SRF | Serum response factor |
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Extracellular Matrix Protein | Model | Effect on Cardiovascular System | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Collagen I | Col1a2-deficient mice | impaired heart development, decreased heart weight, altered mechanical and structural properties of the ventricular myocardium | [136] |
Col1a1-deficient mice | vascular abnormalities, age-dependent aortic dissection and rupture | [143,144] | |
Col1a1−/− mice | normal development up to embryonic day 12, lethality between embryonic days 12-14 due to rupture of major blood vessels | [145] | |
Collagen III | Col3a1−/− mice | abnormal cardiac development, life-shortening due to rupture of major blood vessels | [137] |
Collagen IV | Col4a1/2−/− mice | structural defects in the basement membrane, lethality between embryonic days 10.5-11.5 due to pericardial bleeding and rupture of major blood vessels | [140] |
Collagen V | Col5a1−/− mice | lethality at embryonic day 10 due to cardiovascular insufficiency | [146] |
Collagen XI | Col11a1–/– mice | lethality at birth, thickening of the interventricular septum and atrioventricular valve leaflets, significant changes in the heart shape | [147] |
Col XV | Col15a1−/− mice | defects in vessel architecture, impaired microvascular hemodynamics, defects in heart structure and function | [148,149] |
Collagen XVIII | Col18a1−/− mice | significant thickening of the endothelial basement membrane in the atrioventricular valves of the heart | [150] |
Fibronectin | Fn1−/− mice | multiple developmental abnormalities at embryonic day 8, lethality at embryonic day 10 due to cardiac and vascular defects | [138,151] |
EIIIA−/− or EIIIB−/− mice | normal phenotype, viability, and fertility without defects in angiogenesis | [152] | |
EIIIA−/− EIIIB−/− mice | severe cardiovascular defects by embryonic day 9.5, including vascular hemorrhage, impaired angiogenesis and heart defects, lethal at embryonic day 10.5 | [153] | |
Elastin | Eln−/− mice | lethality at day 4.5 of postnatal development due to obstructive arterial disease | [139] |
Eln+/− mice | changes in the arterial wall structure, high blood pressure | [154] | |
Laminin | Lama1−/− mice | lethality after embryonic day 6.5 due to defects in the extraembryonic basement membrane | [155] |
Lama4−/− mice | hemorrhages during the embryonic and neonatal development, impaired microvessel maturation, ischemic cardiac phenotype | [142,156] |
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Bildyug, N. Extracellular Matrix in Regulation of Contractile System in Cardiomyocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205054
Bildyug N. Extracellular Matrix in Regulation of Contractile System in Cardiomyocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205054
Chicago/Turabian StyleBildyug, Natalya. 2019. "Extracellular Matrix in Regulation of Contractile System in Cardiomyocytes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205054