Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Enhanced Vasodilation in Metabolic Syndrome Rats by Apelin and N-Acetyl–l-Cysteine-Sensitive Factor(s)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Changes in PVAT Effects on Relaxation in Superior Mesenteric Arteries from SHRSP.ZF with Aging
2.2. Changes in mRNA Levels of AT1 Receptor, ATRAP, and Angiotensinogen in Mesenteric Arterial PVAT of SHRSP.ZF with Aging
2.3. Effects of Adipokines on the Relaxation in SHRSP.ZF Mesenteric Arteries without PVAT
2.4. Effects of NAC on the Relaxation in SHRSP.ZF Mesenteric Arteries with PVAT
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Animals
4.2. Chemicals
4.3. Determination of Metabolic Parameters
4.4. Determination of Vasodilation
4.5. Determination of mRNA and Protein Expression
4.6. Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SHRSP.ZF | |||
---|---|---|---|
17 wks | 20 wks | 23 wks | |
Body weight (g) | 414 ± 5 | 438 ± 7 | 462 ± 10 * |
Waist length/body length (cm/cm) | 1.03 ± 0.01 | 1.00 ± 0.01 | 1.03 ± 0.01 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 215 ± 7 | 205 ± 8 | 234 ± 9 # |
Serum triglycerides (mg/100 mL) | 749 ± 35 | 558 ± 71 | 709 ± 68 |
Serum glucose (mg/100 mL) | 386 ± 24 | 328 ± 29 | 360 ± 24 |
Serum insulin (ng/mL) | 49.8 ± 5.5 | 41.3 ± 5.2 | 63.2 ± 5.2 # |
Serum TBARS (µM) | 14.7 ± 0.9 | 13.1 ± 0.9 | 19.9 ± 1.8 *, # |
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Kagota, S.; Maruyama-Fumoto, K.; Iwata, S.; Shimari, M.; Koyanagi, S.; Shiokawa, Y.; McGuire, J.J.; Shinozuka, K. Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Enhanced Vasodilation in Metabolic Syndrome Rats by Apelin and N-Acetyl–l-Cysteine-Sensitive Factor(s). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010106
Kagota S, Maruyama-Fumoto K, Iwata S, Shimari M, Koyanagi S, Shiokawa Y, McGuire JJ, Shinozuka K. Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Enhanced Vasodilation in Metabolic Syndrome Rats by Apelin and N-Acetyl–l-Cysteine-Sensitive Factor(s). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(1):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010106
Chicago/Turabian StyleKagota, Satomi, Kana Maruyama-Fumoto, Saki Iwata, Miho Shimari, Shiori Koyanagi, Yayoi Shiokawa, John J. McGuire, and Kazumasa Shinozuka. 2019. "Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Enhanced Vasodilation in Metabolic Syndrome Rats by Apelin and N-Acetyl–l-Cysteine-Sensitive Factor(s)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 1: 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010106