Mechanisms Underlying Tumor Suppressive Properties of Melatonin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Role of Melatonin during Human Life Stages
3. Evidence That Melatonin Inhibits Cancer Onset
3.1. Direct In Vivo Evidence
3.2. Direct In Vitro Evidence
3.3. Indirect Evidence
4. Evidence That Melatonin Slows Rate of Cancer Progression and Metastasis
4.1. Animal Models
4.2. Cell-Based Models
4.3. Clinical Trials
4.4. Melatonin as A Co-Therapeutic Agent
5. Mechanisms
5.1. Epigenetic Changes
5.1.1. Histone Acetylation
5.1.2. Histone and DNA Methylation
5.1.3. miRNA
5.2. Melatonin-Induced Effects on Age-Related Changes in Gene Expression and Immune Modulation
5.3. Activation of Transcription Factors Leading to Altered Gene Expression and Apoptosis
5.4. Angiogenesis
5.5. Role of Various Melatonin Receptors
5.5.1. MT1 and MT2 Receptors
5.5.2. MT3 (Quinone Oxidoreductase) Melatonin Binding Site
5.5.3. RZR/RORα: Retinoid-Related Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor
6. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bondy, S.C.; Campbell, A. Mechanisms Underlying Tumor Suppressive Properties of Melatonin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082205
Bondy SC, Campbell A. Mechanisms Underlying Tumor Suppressive Properties of Melatonin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(8):2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082205
Chicago/Turabian StyleBondy, Stephen C., and Arezoo Campbell. 2018. "Mechanisms Underlying Tumor Suppressive Properties of Melatonin" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8: 2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082205