Bioactivities of Phenolics by Focusing on Suppression of Chronic Diseases: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Phenolics
1.2. Classification of Phenolics
1.3. Biosynthesis of Phenolics
1.4. Transfer of Phenolics
1.5. Absorption of Phenolics in the Digestive Tract
2. Bioactivities of Standard Phenolics
2.1. Anticancer
2.2. Anti-Inflammatory Activity
2.3. Antibacterial and Anti-Viral Activity
2.4. Other Bioactivities of Phenolics
3. Bioactivities of Phenolic Extracts from Natural Origin
3.1. Grains/Cereals
3.2. Legumes/Seeds
3.3. Fruits/Vegetables
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bioactivity | Reference | |
---|---|---|
Phenolic Acid | ||
Gallic acid | Anticancer HCV inhibition Antibacterial | [30,31] [42] [43,44] |
Methyl gallate | Anticancer | [32] |
p-Coumaric acid | Anticancer | [36] |
Ferulic acid | Anticancer Alleviates angina pectoris Reducing hypertension Reducing type 2-diabetes | [33,45] [46] [46] [45] |
Chlorogenic and Caffeic acids | Anti-mutagenic and-carcinogenic activity | [47] |
Flavonoid | ||
Catechin | Preventing Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases | [48,49] |
(+)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate | Anti-virus | [50] |
Quercetin | Anticancer | [51] |
Kaempferol | Anticancer Anti-inflammation Osteoporotic activity | [40,52,53] [54] [53] |
Myricetin | Anticancer | [41] |
Apigenin | Anticancer Anti-inflammation | [39] [55] |
Troxerutin | Anticancer | [38] |
Naringin | Anti-inflammation | [56] |
Hesperidin | Anti-inflammation | [57] |
Rutin | Anti-inflammation | [57] |
Phenolics | Bioactivities | References | |
---|---|---|---|
Grains/Cereals | |||
Black rice | Flavones, tannin, and anthocyanidins | Anti-atherosclerosis activity Antitumor activity Anti-allergic activity Anti-fatigue and hypoxia tolerance | [86] [87] [88] [89] |
Millet | Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins | Inhibition of radical-induced DNA scission and the oxidation of human LDL cholesterol | [90] |
Wild rice | Phenolics | Enhancing SOD and CAT activities | [91] |
Rye | Ferulic acid | Decrease in mtDNA 8-OhdG levels in liver, kidneys, and pancreas | [92] |
Legumes/Seeds | |||
Grape seed | Kaempferol and quercetin | Inhibition of lipase activity | [93] |
Pea (seed coats) | Phenolic acids and flavonoids | Anticancer | [94] |
Flaxseed | Lignan | Anticancer | [95] |
Lentil | Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins | Inhibition of radical-induced DNA scission and the oxidation of human LDL cholesterol | [15] |
Black soybean | Anthocyanins | Anti-inflammation | [96] |
Navy and black bean | Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins | Anti-inflammation | [97] |
Red bean | Catechin-7-β-d-glucopyranoside | Anti-inflammation | [98] |
Fruits | |||
Pomegranate juice | Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins | Anticancer Anti-inflammation | [99] [100] |
Blackberry | Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins | Anticancer | [101] |
Indian gooseberry | Phenolic acids and flavonoids | Anticancer | [101] |
Orange | Flavonoids | Anticancer (breast cancer) | [102] [103] |
Apple | Catechin, procyanidins, and phloridzin | Anticancer | [104] |
Citrus | Narirutin | Anti-inflammation | [105] |
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Shahidi, F.; Yeo, J. Bioactivities of Phenolics by Focusing on Suppression of Chronic Diseases: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061573
Shahidi F, Yeo J. Bioactivities of Phenolics by Focusing on Suppression of Chronic Diseases: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(6):1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061573
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahidi, Fereidoon, and JuDong Yeo. 2018. "Bioactivities of Phenolics by Focusing on Suppression of Chronic Diseases: A Review" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 6: 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061573