Inflammation-Accelerated Senescence and the Cardiovascular System: Mechanisms and Perspectives
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(12), 3701; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123701
Received: 30 October 2018
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Revised: 17 November 2018
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Accepted: 20 November 2018
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Published: 22 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Aging on Cardio and Cerebrovascular Diseases)
Low-grade chronic inflammation is a common denominator in atherogenesis and related diseases. Solid evidence supports the occurrence of an impairment in the innate and adaptive immune system with senescence, favoring the development of acute and chronic age-related diseases. Cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD), in particular, are a leading cause of death even at older ages. Inflammation-associated mechanisms that contribute to CVD development include dysregulated redox and metabolic pathways, genetic modifications, and infections/dysbiosis. In this review, we will recapitulate the determinants and consequences of the immune system dysfunction at older age, with particular focus on the CV system. We will examine the currently available and potential future strategies to counteract accelerated CV aging, i.e., nutraceuticals, probiotics, caloric restriction, physical activity, smoking and alcohol cessation, control of low-grade inflammation sources, senolytic and senescence-modulating drugs, and DNA-targeting drugs.
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Keywords:
cardiovascular disease; aging; molecular mechanisms; inflammation; longevity genes; nutraceuticals; diet
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Del Pinto, R.; Ferri, C. Inflammation-Accelerated Senescence and the Cardiovascular System: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123701
AMA Style
Del Pinto R, Ferri C. Inflammation-Accelerated Senescence and the Cardiovascular System: Mechanisms and Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(12):3701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123701
Chicago/Turabian StyleDel Pinto, Rita, and Claudio Ferri. 2018. "Inflammation-Accelerated Senescence and the Cardiovascular System: Mechanisms and Perspectives" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12: 3701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123701
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