Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Synthesis
2.1. Synthesis of Gold Nanorods (AuNRs)
2.2. Synthesis of Gold Nanourchins (AuNUs)
2.3. Synthesis of Gold Nanocages (AuNCs)
3. Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles in Bio-Sensing
3.1. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
3.2. Colorimetry
3.3. Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based and Fluorescence-Based Sensors
4. Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles in Therapeutics and Imaging
4.1. The Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy (PTT and PDT)
4.2. The Radio-Therapy
4.3. Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles in Medical Imaging
4.4. Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles as Theranostic Agents
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NP Shape | Sensing Technique | Scope | References |
---|---|---|---|
AuNUs | SERS | Targeted diagnosis of immunomarker programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in breast cancer tumors in vivo. | [76] |
AuNUs | SERS | Quantitative measurement of extracellular protein kinase A (PKA) activity as cancer biomarker. | [77] |
AuNRs | SERS | Detection of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in macrophages and in endothelial cells as indicators for clinical diagnosis of diseases correlated to inflammation. | [78] |
AuNUs | SERS | Protein, lipid, nucleic acid, amino acids and carbohydrates to detect differentiation of BMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells). | [81] |
AuNUs | SERS | Development of a lateral flow strip for neuron-specific enolase (a traumatic brain injury protein biomarker) detection in blood plasma. | [79] |
AuNRs | SERS | Circulating tumor cells detection. | [80] |
AuNUs | SERS | Enterovirus 71 (EV71) detection. | [82] |
AuNUs | SERS | Semi-quantitative methodology to detect carbapenemase activity in patients. | [83] |
AuNRs | Colorimetry | Poly (ADP-ribose) measure, to detect poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activity. | [87] |
AuNUs | Colorimetry | Influenza virus detection. | [89] |
AuNR | SPR | Design of a sensitive microRNA biosensor for disease diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. | [93] |
AuNCs | Fluorescence quenching | Synthesis of a novel carcinoembryonic antigen (a cancer biomarker) probe. | [94] |
Nanoparticle | NP Size | Outcome | Cell Line | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
AuNCs or AuNShs | Diameter: 120 nm/150 nm | EPR targeting effect and PTT efficiency | HeLa cells | [64] |
AuNRs-LA-COS | Length: 26 ± 3.1 nm Diameter: 6.8 ± 1.7 nm | PTT efficiency | MDA-MB-231 | [98] |
AuNU-NLS@HA | Diameter: 93.2 nm | PTT efficiency | NIH3T3, MCF-7, 4T1 | [99] |
SA-imprinted AuNRs@SiO2 | Length: 40 nm Width: 10 nm | Effective cancer-cell-targeting and PTT efficiency | HepG-2, L-02 | [101] |
AuNUs | Diameter: 46, 70 and 90 nm | PTT and chemotherapeutic efficiency | MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-453, MCF-10A | [97] |
AuNU@CaCO3/ICG | Diameter: 96 ± 7.5 nm | PDT/PTT efficiency | MGC803 | [102] |
Au@TiO2 (DATs) | Diameter: 70.1 ± 4.9 nm | PDT efficiency | SUM159 | [103] |
AuNUs, 9R-AuNUs, 9R/DG- AuNUs, 9R/DG-AuNUs hydrazone | Diameter: 72.5 ± 3.2, 77.8 ± 9.7, 230.7 ± 8.6, and 210.5 ± 10.3 nm | Delivery of siCOX-2; PTT efficiency | HepG2, SGC7901 | [113] |
pSiNP-SH/AuNP pSiNP-SH/AuNP/Man | Diameter: 270 nm Diameter: 328 nm | Oxidative stress; 2-photon imaging | MCF-7 | [116] |
Au/Ag hybrid nanoparticles | Width: 12−14 nm Length: 50 nm | PA imaging; antibacterial activity | SKOV3 | [117] |
AuNU-pHLIP | Diameter: 60 nm | CT/PA-guided PTT efficiency | MCF-7 | [121] |
AuNR@SiO2-PFP | Length: 52.24 ± 17.21 nm Width: 16.81 ± 3.97 nm | US/PA imaging guided PTT efficiency | A375 | [122] |
AuNR-Lipos | Length: ~27 nm Width: ~9 nm | synergistic chemo/PTT | MDA-MB-231 | [123] |
AuNRs@INU-LA- PEG-FA and AuNRs@PHEA-EDA-FA | Length: ~70 nm | synergistic chemo/PTT | U2OS | [124] |
DT-AuNR/PDA bowl spadix-bract NP | Diameter: 90 ± 13 nm | Chemo/PTT therapy CT/PA imaging | Hep-G2, HeLa, MCF-7 | [125] |
GNRs-HA-FA-DOX | Diameter: 70.9 ± 1.4 nm | Chemo/PTT therapy | MCF-7 | [130] |
AuNR@PMO-PEG/DOX AuNR@PMO-PEG | Length: 578.5 ± 42.6 nm Diameter: 112.4 ± 12.8 nm | Drug delivery | 4T1 murine breast cancer cells | [133] |
AuNU@probe | Diameter: 35 nm | PTT efficacy | U87-MG | [135] |
GMS/DOX@SLB-FA | Diameter: 150 nm | Drug delivery | HeLa, A549 | [136] |
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Kohout, C.; Santi, C.; Polito, L. Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113385
Kohout C, Santi C, Polito L. Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(11):3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113385
Chicago/Turabian StyleKohout, Claudia, Cristina Santi, and Laura Polito. 2018. "Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11: 3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113385