Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(6), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061224
Activation of Magnesium Lignosulfonate and Kraft Lignin: Influence on the Properties of Phenolic Resin-Based Composites for Potential Applications in Abrasive Materials
1
Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
2
Wielkopolska Centre of Advanced Technologies, Umultowska 89 C, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland
3
Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Material Technology, Division of Plastic Processing, Piotrowo 3, PL-61138 Poznan, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Araceli García and Luis Serrano
Received: 3 April 2017 / Revised: 28 May 2017 / Accepted: 6 June 2017 / Published: 8 June 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Lignin Challenge: Exploring Innovative Applications)
Abstract
Magnesium lignosulfonate and kraft lignin were activated by different oxidizing agents for use in phenolic resin composites used for the production of abrasive components. The physicochemical properties of the oxidized materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA) and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The homogeneity of the model abrasive composites containing the studied products was assessed based on observations obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). FTIR and XPS analysis of the oxidized products indicated that the activation process leads mainly to the formation of carbonyl groups. The IGC technique was used to assess changes in the surface energy and the acid–base properties of the studied biopolymers. The changes in the acid–base properties suggest that more groups acting as electron donors appear on the oxidized surface of the materials. DMTA studies showed that the model composites with 5% magnesium lignosulfonate oxidized by H2O2 had the best thermomechanical properties. Based on the results it was possible to propose a hypothetical mechanism of the oxidation of the natural polymers. The use of such oxidized products may improve the thermomechanical properties of abrasive articles. View Full-TextKeywords:
magnesium lignosulfonate; kraft lignin; activation agents; abrasive tool components; physicochemical and morphological characteristics
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Klapiszewski, L.; Jamrozik, A.; Strzemiecka, B.; Matykiewicz, D.; Voelkel, A.; Jesionowski, T. Activation of Magnesium Lignosulfonate and Kraft Lignin: Influence on the Properties of Phenolic Resin-Based Composites for Potential Applications in Abrasive Materials. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1224.
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