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Article

New Irradiation Method with Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanospheres for Inactivating Periodontal Pathogens

by
Yasuyuki Sasaki
1,2,
Jun-ichiro Hayashi
1,*,
Takeki Fujimura
1,2,
Yuki Iwamura
1,2,
Genta Yamamoto
1,
Eisaku Nishida
1,
Tasuku Ohno
1,
Kosuke Okada
1,
Hiromitsu Yamamoto
3,
Takeshi Kikuchi
1,
Akio Mitani
1 and
Mitsuo Fukuda
1,2
1
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
2
Division of Periodontal Health Promotion, Dental Hospital, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacology, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010154
Submission received: 16 November 2016 / Revised: 30 December 2016 / Accepted: 10 January 2017 / Published: 13 January 2017
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
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Abstract

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an adjunctive strategy for periodontitis treatments. However, use of aPDT for periodontal treatment is complicated by the difficulty in accessing morphologically complex lesions such as furcation involvement, which the irradiation beam (which is targeted parallel to the tooth axis into the periodontal pocket) cannot access directly. The aim of this study was to validate a modified aPDT method that photosensitizes indocyanine green-loaded nanospheres through the gingivae from outside the pocket using a diode laser. To establish this trans-gingival irradiation method, we built an in vitro aPDT model using a substitution for gingivae. Irradiation conditions and the cooling method were optimized before the bactericidal effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis were investigated. The permeable energy through the gingival model at irradiation conditions of 2 W output power in a 50% duty cycle was comparable with the transmitted energy of conventional irradiation. Intermittent irradiation with air cooling limited the temperature increase in the gingival model to 2.75 °C. The aPDT group showed significant bactericidal effects, with reductions in colony-forming units of 99.99% after 5 min of irradiation. This effect of aPDT against a periodontal pathogen demonstrates the validity of trans-gingival irradiation for periodontal treatment.
Keywords: photodynamic therapy; indocyanine green; diode laser photodynamic therapy; indocyanine green; diode laser
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sasaki, Y.; Hayashi, J.-i.; Fujimura, T.; Iwamura, Y.; Yamamoto, G.; Nishida, E.; Ohno, T.; Okada, K.; Yamamoto, H.; Kikuchi, T.; et al. New Irradiation Method with Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanospheres for Inactivating Periodontal Pathogens. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010154

AMA Style

Sasaki Y, Hayashi J-i, Fujimura T, Iwamura Y, Yamamoto G, Nishida E, Ohno T, Okada K, Yamamoto H, Kikuchi T, et al. New Irradiation Method with Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanospheres for Inactivating Periodontal Pathogens. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(1):154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010154

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sasaki, Yasuyuki, Jun-ichiro Hayashi, Takeki Fujimura, Yuki Iwamura, Genta Yamamoto, Eisaku Nishida, Tasuku Ohno, Kosuke Okada, Hiromitsu Yamamoto, Takeshi Kikuchi, and et al. 2017. "New Irradiation Method with Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanospheres for Inactivating Periodontal Pathogens" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 1: 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010154

APA Style

Sasaki, Y., Hayashi, J.-i., Fujimura, T., Iwamura, Y., Yamamoto, G., Nishida, E., Ohno, T., Okada, K., Yamamoto, H., Kikuchi, T., Mitani, A., & Fukuda, M. (2017). New Irradiation Method with Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanospheres for Inactivating Periodontal Pathogens. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010154

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