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Article

Auraptene and Other Prenyloxyphenylpropanoids Suppress Microglial Activation and Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Death in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Model of Parkinson’s Disease

by
Satoshi Okuyama
1,*,
Tomoki Semba
1,
Nobuki Toyoda
1,
Francesco Epifano
2,
Salvatore Genovese
2,
Serena Fiorito
2,
Vito Alessandro Taddeo
2,
Atsushi Sawamoto
1,
Mitsunari Nakajima
1 and
Yoshiko Furukawa
1
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan
2
Department of Pharmacy, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo 66100, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(10), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101716
Submission received: 31 August 2016 / Revised: 28 September 2016 / Accepted: 8 October 2016 / Published: 17 October 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroprotective Strategies 2016)
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Abstract

In patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), hyperactivated inflammation in the brain, particularly microglial hyperactivation in the substantia nigra (SN), is reported to be one of the triggers for the delayed loss of dopaminergic neurons and sequential motor functional impairments. We previously reported that (1) auraptene (AUR), a natural prenyloxycoumain, suppressed inflammatory responses including the hyperactivation of microglia in the ischemic brain and inflamed brain, thereby inhibiting neuronal cell death; (2) 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin (7-IP), another natural prenyloxycoumain, exerted anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects against excitotoxicity; and (3) 4′-geranyloxyferulic acid (GOFA), a natural prenyloxycinnamic acid, also exerted anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, using an intranigral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PD-like mouse model, we investigated whether AUR, 7-IP, and GOFA suppress microglial activation and protect against dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the SN. We successfully showed that these prenyloxyphenylpropanoids exhibited these prospective abilities, suggesting the potential of these compounds as neuroprotective agents for patients with PD.
Keywords: auraptene; 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin; 4′-geranyloxyferulic acid; prenyloxyphenylpropanoids; substantia nigra; Parkinson’s disease; anti-inflammation; microglia; neuroprotection auraptene; 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin; 4′-geranyloxyferulic acid; prenyloxyphenylpropanoids; substantia nigra; Parkinson’s disease; anti-inflammation; microglia; neuroprotection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Okuyama, S.; Semba, T.; Toyoda, N.; Epifano, F.; Genovese, S.; Fiorito, S.; Taddeo, V.A.; Sawamoto, A.; Nakajima, M.; Furukawa, Y. Auraptene and Other Prenyloxyphenylpropanoids Suppress Microglial Activation and Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Death in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101716

AMA Style

Okuyama S, Semba T, Toyoda N, Epifano F, Genovese S, Fiorito S, Taddeo VA, Sawamoto A, Nakajima M, Furukawa Y. Auraptene and Other Prenyloxyphenylpropanoids Suppress Microglial Activation and Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Death in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Model of Parkinson’s Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(10):1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101716

Chicago/Turabian Style

Okuyama, Satoshi, Tomoki Semba, Nobuki Toyoda, Francesco Epifano, Salvatore Genovese, Serena Fiorito, Vito Alessandro Taddeo, Atsushi Sawamoto, Mitsunari Nakajima, and Yoshiko Furukawa. 2016. "Auraptene and Other Prenyloxyphenylpropanoids Suppress Microglial Activation and Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Death in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Model of Parkinson’s Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 10: 1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101716

APA Style

Okuyama, S., Semba, T., Toyoda, N., Epifano, F., Genovese, S., Fiorito, S., Taddeo, V. A., Sawamoto, A., Nakajima, M., & Furukawa, Y. (2016). Auraptene and Other Prenyloxyphenylpropanoids Suppress Microglial Activation and Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Death in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Model of Parkinson’s Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(10), 1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17101716

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