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Article

Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells (TR-iBRB2) against IL-1β-Induced Nitrative/Oxidative Stress

by
Xue Zhu
1,†,
Ke Wang
1,†,
Kai Zhang
1,
Xuhua Tan
2,
Zhifeng Wu
2,*,
Song Sun
2,
Fanfan Zhou
3 and
Ling Zhu
4
1
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
2
Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
4
Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16(9), 21775-21790; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921775
Submission received: 22 July 2015 / Revised: 19 August 2015 / Accepted: 31 August 2015 / Published: 9 September 2015
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Toxicology)
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Abstract

Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown is one of the primary causes of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The pro-inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was reported to be involved in the induction of BRB breakdown during the pathogenesis of DR. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a major active component of the traditional herb Ligusticum chuanxiong, on IL-1β-induced cell death of the rat retinal capillary endothelial TR-iBRB2 cells. Our results showed that IL-1β-induced cell dysfunction in TR-iBRB2 cells via inducing nitrative/oxidative stress; however, such effect was attenuated with the pre-treatment of TMP. The cellular protective effect of TMP was likely to be mediated through the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and leukostasis as well as suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and MAPKs activation. These findings significantly contribute to a better understanding of the protective effect of TMP in DR and form the basis of the therapeutic development of TMP in treating such disease in the future.
Keywords: tetramethylpyrazine; TR-iBRB2 cells; nitrosative stress; oxidative stress tetramethylpyrazine; TR-iBRB2 cells; nitrosative stress; oxidative stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; Tan, X.; Wu, Z.; Sun, S.; Zhou, F.; Zhu, L. Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells (TR-iBRB2) against IL-1β-Induced Nitrative/Oxidative Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 21775-21790. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921775

AMA Style

Zhu X, Wang K, Zhang K, Tan X, Wu Z, Sun S, Zhou F, Zhu L. Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells (TR-iBRB2) against IL-1β-Induced Nitrative/Oxidative Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(9):21775-21790. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921775

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhu, Xue, Ke Wang, Kai Zhang, Xuhua Tan, Zhifeng Wu, Song Sun, Fanfan Zhou, and Ling Zhu. 2015. "Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells (TR-iBRB2) against IL-1β-Induced Nitrative/Oxidative Stress" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 9: 21775-21790. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921775

APA Style

Zhu, X., Wang, K., Zhang, K., Tan, X., Wu, Z., Sun, S., Zhou, F., & Zhu, L. (2015). Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells (TR-iBRB2) against IL-1β-Induced Nitrative/Oxidative Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(9), 21775-21790. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160921775

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