Advanced Knowledge of Three Important Classes of Grape Phenolics: Anthocyanins, Stilbenes and Flavonols
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biosynthesis of Grape Polyphenols
2.1. Flavonoids
2.2. Anthocyanins and Flavonols
2.3. Stilbene Derivatives
2.4. Effects of Agrochemicals and Plant Activators on Grape Polyphenols
3. Chemistry and Proprieties of Anthocyanins
4. Chemistry and Proprieties of Stilbene Derivatives
5. Chemistry and Proprieties of Flavonols
6. Conclusions
m/z | Assignment |
---|---|
287(F) | Cy |
301(F) | Pn |
303(F) | Dp |
317(F) | Pt |
331(F) | Mv |
449(M) | Cy + G |
463(M) | Pn + G |
465(M) | Dp + G |
479(M) | Pt + G |
493(M) | Mv + G |
617(F) | MvCy |
631(F) | MvPn |
633(F) | MvDp |
647(F) | MvPt |
661(F) | MvMv |
779(F) | MvCy + G |
793(F) | MvPn + G |
795(F) | MvDp + G |
809(F) | MvPt + G |
823(F) | MvMv + G |
941(M) | MvCy + 2G |
955(M) | MvPn + 2G |
957(M) | MvDp + 2G |
971(M) | MvPt + 2G |
985(M) | MvMv + 2G |
1087(M) | MvCy + G·pCG |
1101(M) | MvPn + G·pCG |
1103(M) | MvDp + G·pCG |
1117(M) | MvPt + G·pCG |
1131(M) | MvMv + G·pCG |
1271(F) | MvMvCy + 2G |
1285(F) | MvMvPn + 2G |
1287(F) | MvMvDp + 2G |
1301(F) | MvMvPt + 2G |
1315(F) | MvMvMv + 2G |
1417(F) | MvMvCy + G·pCG |
1431(F) | MvMvPn + G·pCG |
1433(F) | MvMvDp + G·pCG |
1433(M) | MvMvCy + 3G |
1447(F) | MvMvPt + G·pCG |
1447(M) | MvMvPn + 3G |
1449(M) | MvMvDp + 3G |
1461(F) | MvMvMv + G·pCG |
1463(M) | MvMvPt + 3G |
1477(M) | MvMvMv + 3G |
1579(M) | MvMvCy + 2G·pCG |
1593(M) | MvMvPn + 2G·pCG |
1595(M) | MvMvDp + 2G·pCG |
1609(M) | MvMvPt + 2G·pCG |
1623(M) | MvMvMv + 2G·pCG |
Anthocyanin | m/z (M+) | Cultivar |
---|---|---|
Cy-3-O-pentoside | 419 | Casavecchia |
Pg-3-O-glucoside | 433 | Concord, Salvador, Rubired |
Cy-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)pentoside | 461 | Casavecchia |
Cy-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)pentoside | 565 | Casavecchia |
Dp-3-O-glucoside-pyruvic acid | 533 | Isabelle |
Dp-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)glucoside-pyruvic acid | 679 | Isabelle |
Pn-3-O-glucoside-acetaldehyde | 487 | Isabelle, Pallagrello |
Mv-3-O-glucoside-acetaldehyde | 517 | Isabelle |
Pt-3-O-(6-caffeoyl)-5-O-diglucoside | 803 | Isabelle, Casavecchia |
Dp-3-O-(6-acetyl)-5-O-diglucoside | 669 | Isabelle |
Dp-3-O-(6-feruloyl)-5-O-diglucoside | 803 | Isabelle, Casavecchia |
Pn-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)-5-O-diglucoside | 771 | Concord, Salvador, Isabelle, Casavecchia |
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Flamini, R.; Mattivi, F.; Rosso, M.D.; Arapitsas, P.; Bavaresco, L. Advanced Knowledge of Three Important Classes of Grape Phenolics: Anthocyanins, Stilbenes and Flavonols. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 19651-19669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141019651
Flamini R, Mattivi F, Rosso MD, Arapitsas P, Bavaresco L. Advanced Knowledge of Three Important Classes of Grape Phenolics: Anthocyanins, Stilbenes and Flavonols. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(10):19651-19669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141019651
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlamini, Riccardo, Fulvio Mattivi, Mirko De Rosso, Panagiotis Arapitsas, and Luigi Bavaresco. 2013. "Advanced Knowledge of Three Important Classes of Grape Phenolics: Anthocyanins, Stilbenes and Flavonols" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 10: 19651-19669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141019651