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Volume 31
Issue 13
10.3390/molecules31132245
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

New Hybrid Benzothiazole Derivatives from Gallic and Syringic Acid as a Potential Multifunctional Skin Disease

by
Leonardo Montani
1,
Chiara Tupini
2,
Filippo Marchetti
1,
Alessandra Rizzo
3,
Silvia Vertuani
1,
Stefano Manfredini
1,
Ilaria Lampronti
2 and
Anna Baldisserotto
1,*
1
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Medicine and Health Products, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
2
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
3
Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2026, 31(13), 2245; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31132245 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 4 June 2026 / Revised: 18 June 2026 / Accepted: 22 June 2026 / Published: 25 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterocycles in Medicinal Chemistry, 4th Edition)
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Abstract

Multifunctional drugs represent an emerging strategy for treating complex skin disorders and melanoma. A series of benzothiazole-based hybrids incorporating gallic and syringic acid moieties was synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents for skin-related applications. Six hydrazone (GAHYDR1–3) and acyl-hydrazone (GACIN1–3) derivatives were obtained and fully characterized. Hydroxylated compounds showed the strongest antioxidant activity, with GAHYDR1 and GACIN1 displaying low DPPH IC50 values and high FRAP reducing power. UV–Vis studies revealed strong UVA–UVB absorption, with molar extinction coefficients comparable to or exceeding those of PBSA. Photoprotective evaluation showed SPF values up to 10.09 (GACIN2) and broad-spectrum behavior for selected derivatives. Antioxidant activity remained substantially stable over 3 months in solution. Antiproliferative assays against Colo38, A375, and HaCaT cell lines indicated generally low cytotoxicity toward non-tumor cells. Notably, GAHYDR3 exhibited selective activity against A375 melanoma cells (IC50 = 8.75 µM; SI = 8.12). Overall, phenolic substitution emerged as a key determinant of biological activity, highlighting hydroxylated benzothiazole hybrids as promising antioxidant and photoprotective agents, with GAHYDR3 representing a potential lead for anti-melanoma development.
Keywords: benzothiazole derivatives; multifunctional drugs; antioxidant; sunscreen UV-filter; melanoma benzothiazole derivatives; multifunctional drugs; antioxidant; sunscreen UV-filter; melanoma
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MDPI and ACS Style

Montani, L.; Tupini, C.; Marchetti, F.; Rizzo, A.; Vertuani, S.; Manfredini, S.; Lampronti, I.; Baldisserotto, A. New Hybrid Benzothiazole Derivatives from Gallic and Syringic Acid as a Potential Multifunctional Skin Disease. Molecules 2026, 31, 2245. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31132245

AMA Style

Montani L, Tupini C, Marchetti F, Rizzo A, Vertuani S, Manfredini S, Lampronti I, Baldisserotto A. New Hybrid Benzothiazole Derivatives from Gallic and Syringic Acid as a Potential Multifunctional Skin Disease. Molecules. 2026; 31(13):2245. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31132245

Chicago/Turabian Style

Montani, Leonardo, Chiara Tupini, Filippo Marchetti, Alessandra Rizzo, Silvia Vertuani, Stefano Manfredini, Ilaria Lampronti, and Anna Baldisserotto. 2026. "New Hybrid Benzothiazole Derivatives from Gallic and Syringic Acid as a Potential Multifunctional Skin Disease" Molecules 31, no. 13: 2245. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31132245

APA Style

Montani, L., Tupini, C., Marchetti, F., Rizzo, A., Vertuani, S., Manfredini, S., Lampronti, I., & Baldisserotto, A. (2026). New Hybrid Benzothiazole Derivatives from Gallic and Syringic Acid as a Potential Multifunctional Skin Disease. Molecules, 31(13), 2245. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31132245

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