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Article

Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Biological Activities of Three Wild Eryngium Species: E. beecheyanum, E. heterophyllum, and E. mexiae

by
Mariana Villa-Santiago
1,
Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz
2,
Argelia López-Bonilla
2,
Hortencia Gabriela Mena-Violante
1,
Jeanette Guadalupe Cárdenas-Valdovinos
1,
Zaida Ochoa-Cruz
1 and
María Valentina Angoa-Pérez
1,*
1
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department of Research, CIIDIR IPN Unidad Michoacán, Jiquilpan 59510, Michoacán, Mexico
2
CEPROBI–IPN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla s/n-km 85, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec 62739, Morelos, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(21), 4250; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30214250
Submission received: 18 September 2025 / Revised: 22 October 2025 / Accepted: 28 October 2025 / Published: 31 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Back to Nature: Pharmacological Activities of Phytochemicals Isolated from Medicinal Plants)
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Abstract

The genus Eryngium (Apiaceae Lindley) includes over 250 species distributed worldwide. In Michoacán, Mexico, 22 species have been recorded, among them E. beecheyanum (EB), E. heterophyllum (EH), and E. mexiae (EM), which are commonly used in traditional medicine. However, our understanding of their biology and chemical composition remains limited. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile, as well as the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of leaves and roots from these three wild species. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and sterols were analyzed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro using ABTS·+ and DPPH· assays, while antihyperglycemic activity was determined by α-glucosidase inhibition. Six metabolites were detected across all species, with organ-dependent variation. In the leaves, EB showed a high rutin content (241.3 µg/mL), EM contained catechin (137.3 µg/mL), and EH exhibited β sitosterol (315.9 µg/mL). Both leaves and roots of all species showed notable antioxidant activity. EB leaves exhibited inhibition rates of 69.5% and 85.5% in ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays, respectively (IC50 = 22 and 23.47 µg/mL). EH roots showed higher activity, reaching 89.4% and 78.2% inhibition (IC50 = 21.8 and 20.72 µg/mL). Conversely, EM organs exhibited relatively lower radical scavenging capacities; however, EM leaves showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (49.1%). Overall, these results suggest that roots generally possess stronger antioxidant potential than leaves, whereas EM leaves stand out for their enzymatic inhibitory activity. These findings highlight the diverse phytochemical and bioactive profiles of E. beecheyanum, E. heterophyllum, and E. mexiae.
Keywords: wild plants; medicinal plants; flavonoids; phenolic compounds; hierba del sapo wild plants; medicinal plants; flavonoids; phenolic compounds; hierba del sapo
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MDPI and ACS Style

Villa-Santiago, M.; Camacho-Díaz, B.H.; López-Bonilla, A.; Mena-Violante, H.G.; Cárdenas-Valdovinos, J.G.; Ochoa-Cruz, Z.; Angoa-Pérez, M.V. Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Biological Activities of Three Wild Eryngium Species: E. beecheyanum, E. heterophyllum, and E. mexiae. Molecules 2025, 30, 4250. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30214250

AMA Style

Villa-Santiago M, Camacho-Díaz BH, López-Bonilla A, Mena-Violante HG, Cárdenas-Valdovinos JG, Ochoa-Cruz Z, Angoa-Pérez MV. Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Biological Activities of Three Wild Eryngium Species: E. beecheyanum, E. heterophyllum, and E. mexiae. Molecules. 2025; 30(21):4250. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30214250

Chicago/Turabian Style

Villa-Santiago, Mariana, Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz, Argelia López-Bonilla, Hortencia Gabriela Mena-Violante, Jeanette Guadalupe Cárdenas-Valdovinos, Zaida Ochoa-Cruz, and María Valentina Angoa-Pérez. 2025. "Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Biological Activities of Three Wild Eryngium Species: E. beecheyanum, E. heterophyllum, and E. mexiae" Molecules 30, no. 21: 4250. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30214250

APA Style

Villa-Santiago, M., Camacho-Díaz, B. H., López-Bonilla, A., Mena-Violante, H. G., Cárdenas-Valdovinos, J. G., Ochoa-Cruz, Z., & Angoa-Pérez, M. V. (2025). Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Biological Activities of Three Wild Eryngium Species: E. beecheyanum, E. heterophyllum, and E. mexiae. Molecules, 30(21), 4250. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30214250

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