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Volume 30
Issue 11
10.3390/molecules30112379
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones from Fabaceae Species and Their Chemopreventive Potential on Breast Cancer Cells

by
Wojciech Paździora
1,2,
Karolina Grabowska
2,
Paweł Zagrodzki
3,
Paweł Paśko
3,
Ewelina Prochownik
3,
Irma Podolak
2 and
Agnieszka Galanty
2,*
1
Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Łazarza Str., 31-530 Cracow, Poland
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
3
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(11), 2379; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112379
Submission received: 29 April 2025 / Revised: 28 May 2025 / Accepted: 28 May 2025 / Published: 29 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Benefits and Applications of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The Fabaceae family is known for the presence of isoflavones—phytoestrogens with potential chemopreventive effects against hormone-dependent cancers. This study aimed to optimize isoflavones extraction using a fractional factorial design and to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze 32 Fabaceae species native to Polish flora by HPLC-UV-VIS to indicate new, rich plant sources of isoflavones. The optimal extraction method was a 60 min reflux with 50% methanol and a plant material-to-solvent ratio of 1:125. The highest isoflavone levels were found in Trifolium medium (26.70 mg/g d.m.), Genista tinctoria (19.65 mg/g d.m.), and Trifolium pratense (12.56 mg/g d.m.). The obtained extracts were further evaluated for cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Genista tinctoria showed the highest cytotoxicity against MCF7, while Cytisus scoparius and Ononis arvensis were most effective against MDA-MB-231 at a dose of 500 µg/mL. The extracts were also characterized by varied, potent antioxidant properties, important in chemoprevention. A strong correlation was observed between isoflavone content and cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity exclusively in the estrogen receptor-positive MCF7 cell line. Importantly, the tested extracts demonstrated no toxic effects on normal human liver (HepG2), thyroid (Nthy-ori 3-1), or breast (MCF10A) cells, indicating a favorable safety profile.
Keywords: Fabaceae; isoflavones; Trifolium; extraction optimization; cytotoxic; breast cancer Fabaceae; isoflavones; Trifolium; extraction optimization; cytotoxic; breast cancer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Paździora, W.; Grabowska, K.; Zagrodzki, P.; Paśko, P.; Prochownik, E.; Podolak, I.; Galanty, A. Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones from Fabaceae Species and Their Chemopreventive Potential on Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2025, 30, 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112379

AMA Style

Paździora W, Grabowska K, Zagrodzki P, Paśko P, Prochownik E, Podolak I, Galanty A. Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones from Fabaceae Species and Their Chemopreventive Potential on Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules. 2025; 30(11):2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112379

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paździora, Wojciech, Karolina Grabowska, Paweł Zagrodzki, Paweł Paśko, Ewelina Prochownik, Irma Podolak, and Agnieszka Galanty. 2025. "Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones from Fabaceae Species and Their Chemopreventive Potential on Breast Cancer Cells" Molecules 30, no. 11: 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112379

APA Style

Paździora, W., Grabowska, K., Zagrodzki, P., Paśko, P., Prochownik, E., Podolak, I., & Galanty, A. (2025). Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones from Fabaceae Species and Their Chemopreventive Potential on Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules, 30(11), 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112379

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