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Article

Onosma bracteatum Wall Aqueous–Ethanolic Extract Suppresses Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and C-Reactive Protein

by
Farah Zafar
1,*,
Ghazala Shaheen
1,
Hafiz Muhammad Asif
1,
Mohd Farhan
2,3,
Ghazala Muteeb
4 and
Mohammad Aatif
5,*
1
Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(8), 1830; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081830
Submission received: 12 March 2024 / Revised: 1 April 2024 / Accepted: 4 April 2024 / Published: 17 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
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Abstract

Onosma bracteatum Wall (O. bracteatum) has been used traditionally for the management of arthritis; however, its therapeutic potential warrants further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of the aqueous–ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum leaves (AeOB) in a rat model of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Rats were treated with AeOB (250, 500, and 750 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), or a vehicle control from days 8 to 28 post-CFA injection. Arthritic score, paw diameter, and body weight were monitored at regular intervals. X-ray radiographs and histopathological analysis were performed to assess arthritic severity. Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified by qPCR and icromatography. Phytochemical analysis of AeOB revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, Saponins, and glycosides. AeOB also exhibited antioxidant potential with an IC50 of 73.22 µg/mL in a DPPH assay. AeOB and diclofenac exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. Rats treated with AeOB at 750 mg/kg and indomethacin showed significantly reduced arthritic symptoms and joint inflammation versus the CFA control. The AeOB treatment downregulated TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased CRP levels compared with arthritic rats. Radiography and histopathology also showed improved prognosis. These findings demonstrate the anti-arthritic potential of AeOB leaves.
Keywords: arthritis; Onosma bracteatum wall; inflammatory mediators; CFA; qRT-PCR arthritis; Onosma bracteatum wall; inflammatory mediators; CFA; qRT-PCR
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zafar, F.; Shaheen, G.; Asif, H.M.; Farhan, M.; Muteeb, G.; Aatif, M. Onosma bracteatum Wall Aqueous–Ethanolic Extract Suppresses Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and C-Reactive Protein. Molecules 2024, 29, 1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081830

AMA Style

Zafar F, Shaheen G, Asif HM, Farhan M, Muteeb G, Aatif M. Onosma bracteatum Wall Aqueous–Ethanolic Extract Suppresses Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and C-Reactive Protein. Molecules. 2024; 29(8):1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081830

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zafar, Farah, Ghazala Shaheen, Hafiz Muhammad Asif, Mohd Farhan, Ghazala Muteeb, and Mohammad Aatif. 2024. "Onosma bracteatum Wall Aqueous–Ethanolic Extract Suppresses Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and C-Reactive Protein" Molecules 29, no. 8: 1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081830

APA Style

Zafar, F., Shaheen, G., Asif, H. M., Farhan, M., Muteeb, G., & Aatif, M. (2024). Onosma bracteatum Wall Aqueous–Ethanolic Extract Suppresses Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and C-Reactive Protein. Molecules, 29(8), 1830. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081830

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