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Article

Protective Role of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic and Their N-Ethanolamide Derivatives in Olfactory Glial Cells Affected by Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation

by
Rosalia Pellitteri
1,*,
Valentina La Cognata
1,
Cristina Russo
2,
Angela Patti
3,* and
Claudia Sanfilippo
3
1
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy
2
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, I-95123 Catania, Italy
3
Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(20), 4821; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204821
Submission received: 3 September 2024 / Revised: 2 October 2024 / Accepted: 8 October 2024 / Published: 11 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Bioactive Lipids)
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Abstract

Neuroinflammation is a symptom of different neurodegenerative diseases, and growing interest is directed towards active drug development for the reduction of its negative effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), and their amide derivatives was largely investigated on some neural cells. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the protective role of both EPA and DHA and the corresponding N-ethanolamides EPA-EA and DHA-EA on neonatal mouse Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OECs) after exposition to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. To verify their anti-inflammatory effect and cell morphological features on OECs, the expression of IL-10 cytokine, and cytoskeletal proteins (vimentin and GFAP) was evaluated by immunocytochemical procedures. In addition, MTT assays, TUNEL, and mitochondrial health tests were carried out to assess their protective effects on OEC viability. Our results highlight a reduction in GFAP and vimentin expression in OECs exposed to LPS and treated with EPA or DHA or EPA-EA or DHA-EA in comparison with OECs exposed to LPS alone. We observed a protective role of EPA and DHA on cell morphology, while the amides EPA-EA and DHA-EA mainly exerted a superior anti-inflammatory effect compared to free acids.
Keywords: polyunsaturated fatty acids; N-eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide; N-docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide; olfactory ensheathing cells; neuroinflammation; neuroprotection; neurodegenerative diseases polyunsaturated fatty acids; N-eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide; N-docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide; olfactory ensheathing cells; neuroinflammation; neuroprotection; neurodegenerative diseases
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MDPI and ACS Style

Pellitteri, R.; La Cognata, V.; Russo, C.; Patti, A.; Sanfilippo, C. Protective Role of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic and Their N-Ethanolamide Derivatives in Olfactory Glial Cells Affected by Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Molecules 2024, 29, 4821. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204821

AMA Style

Pellitteri R, La Cognata V, Russo C, Patti A, Sanfilippo C. Protective Role of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic and Their N-Ethanolamide Derivatives in Olfactory Glial Cells Affected by Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Molecules. 2024; 29(20):4821. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204821

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pellitteri, Rosalia, Valentina La Cognata, Cristina Russo, Angela Patti, and Claudia Sanfilippo. 2024. "Protective Role of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic and Their N-Ethanolamide Derivatives in Olfactory Glial Cells Affected by Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation" Molecules 29, no. 20: 4821. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204821

APA Style

Pellitteri, R., La Cognata, V., Russo, C., Patti, A., & Sanfilippo, C. (2024). Protective Role of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic and Their N-Ethanolamide Derivatives in Olfactory Glial Cells Affected by Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Molecules, 29(20), 4821. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204821

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