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Article

Comprehensive Analysis of Biomass from Chlorella sorokiniana Cultivated with Industrial Flue Gas as the Carbon Source

by
Arjun H. Banskota
*,
Roumiana Stefanova
,
Joseph P. M. Hui
,
Tessa Bermarija
,
Kevin Stemmler
,
Patrick J. McGinn
and
Stephen J. B. O’Leary
Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(14), 3368; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143368
Submission received: 11 June 2024 / Revised: 13 July 2024 / Accepted: 14 July 2024 / Published: 18 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances on Biomass Conversion and CO2 Valorization: Steeping towards a Circular Economy)
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Abstract

Chlorella sorokiniana, isolated from a pond adjacent to a cement plant, was cultured using flue gas collected directly from kiln emissions using 20 L and 25000 L photobioreactors. Lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides were analyzed to understand their overall composition for potential applications. The lipid content ranged from 17.97% to 21.54% of the dry biomass, with carotenoid concentrations between 8.4 and 9.2 mg/g. Lutein accounted for 55% of the total carotenoids. LC/MS analysis led to the identification of 71 intact triacylglycerols, 8 lysophosphatidylcholines, 10 phosphatidylcholines, 9 monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, 12 digalactosyldiacylglycerols, and 1 sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid were the main fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acid covers ≥ 56% of total fatty acids. Protein isolates and polysaccharides were also extracted. Protein purity was determined to be ≥75% by amino acid analysis, with all essential amino acids present. Monomer analysis of polysaccharides suggested that they are composed of mainly D-(+)-mannose, D-(+)-galactose, and D-(+)-glucose. The results demonstrate that there is no adverse effect on the metabolite profile of C. sorokiniana biomass cultured using flue gas as the primary carbon source, revealing the possibility of utilizing such algal biomass in industrial applications such as animal feed, sources of cosmeceuticals, and as biofuel.
Keywords: amino acids; Chlorella sorokiniana; industrial flue gas; lipids; microalgae; pigments; polysaccharides; protein; sugars amino acids; Chlorella sorokiniana; industrial flue gas; lipids; microalgae; pigments; polysaccharides; protein; sugars
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MDPI and ACS Style

Banskota, A.H.; Stefanova, R.; Hui, J.P.M.; Bermarija, T.; Stemmler, K.; McGinn, P.J.; O’Leary, S.J.B. Comprehensive Analysis of Biomass from Chlorella sorokiniana Cultivated with Industrial Flue Gas as the Carbon Source. Molecules 2024, 29, 3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143368

AMA Style

Banskota AH, Stefanova R, Hui JPM, Bermarija T, Stemmler K, McGinn PJ, O’Leary SJB. Comprehensive Analysis of Biomass from Chlorella sorokiniana Cultivated with Industrial Flue Gas as the Carbon Source. Molecules. 2024; 29(14):3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143368

Chicago/Turabian Style

Banskota, Arjun H., Roumiana Stefanova, Joseph P. M. Hui, Tessa Bermarija, Kevin Stemmler, Patrick J. McGinn, and Stephen J. B. O’Leary. 2024. "Comprehensive Analysis of Biomass from Chlorella sorokiniana Cultivated with Industrial Flue Gas as the Carbon Source" Molecules 29, no. 14: 3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143368

APA Style

Banskota, A. H., Stefanova, R., Hui, J. P. M., Bermarija, T., Stemmler, K., McGinn, P. J., & O’Leary, S. J. B. (2024). Comprehensive Analysis of Biomass from Chlorella sorokiniana Cultivated with Industrial Flue Gas as the Carbon Source. Molecules, 29(14), 3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143368

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