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Article

Biological Activities of Sargassum Algae Mediated ZnO and Co Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Enhanced Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Agents

by
Hassan Ahmed Rudayni
1,
Abdelrahman M. Rabie
2,
Malak Aladwani
1,
Lina M. Alneghery
1,
Gasem M. Abu-Taweel
3,
Wail Al Zoubi
4,
Ahmed A. Allam
5,
Mostafa R. Abukhadra
6,7,* and
Stefano Bellucci
8,*
1
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
2
Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
3
Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
4
Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
5
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65214, Egypt
6
Materials Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65214, Egypt
7
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65214, Egypt
8
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2023, 28(9), 3692; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093692
Submission received: 7 March 2023 / Revised: 3 April 2023 / Accepted: 22 April 2023 / Published: 25 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Potential Bioapplications of Functional Nanomaterials)
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Abstract

Brown macroalgae (BMG) were used as carriers for ZnO (ZnO/BMG) and cobalt-doped ZnO (Co-ZnO/BMG) via facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The multifunctional structures of synthesized composites were evaluated as enhanced antioxidant and anti-diabetic agents based on the synergistic effects of ZnO, Co-ZnO, and BMG. BMG substrate incorporation and cobalt doping notably enhanced the bioactivity of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. As an antioxidant, the Co-ZnO/BMG composite exhibited highly effective scavenging properties for the common free reactive oxygen radicals (DPPH [89.6 ± 1.5%], nitric oxide [90.2 ± 1.3%], ABTS [87.7 ± 1.8%], and O2●− [46.7 ± 1.9%]) as compared to ascorbic acid. Additionally, its anti-diabetic activity was enhanced significantly and strongly inhibited essential oxidative enzymes (porcine α-amylase (90.6 ± 1.5%), crude α-amylase (84.3 ± 1.8%), pancreatic α-glucosidase (95.7 ± 1.4%), crude intestinal α-glucosidase (93.4 ± 1.8%), and amyloglucosidase (96.2 ± 1.4%)). Co-ZnO/BMG inhibitory activity was higher than that of miglitol, and in some cases, higher than or close to that of acarbose. Therefore, the synthetic Co-ZnO/BMG composite can be used as a commercial anti-diabetic and antioxidant agent, considering the cost and adverse side effects of current drugs. The results also demonstrate the impact of cobalt doping and BMG integration on the biological activity of ZnO.
Keywords: seaweed; ZnO; cobalt doping; antioxidant; antidiabetes seaweed; ZnO; cobalt doping; antioxidant; antidiabetes

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rudayni, H.A.; Rabie, A.M.; Aladwani, M.; Alneghery, L.M.; Abu-Taweel, G.M.; Al Zoubi, W.; Allam, A.A.; Abukhadra, M.R.; Bellucci, S. Biological Activities of Sargassum Algae Mediated ZnO and Co Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Enhanced Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Agents. Molecules 2023, 28, 3692. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093692

AMA Style

Rudayni HA, Rabie AM, Aladwani M, Alneghery LM, Abu-Taweel GM, Al Zoubi W, Allam AA, Abukhadra MR, Bellucci S. Biological Activities of Sargassum Algae Mediated ZnO and Co Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Enhanced Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Agents. Molecules. 2023; 28(9):3692. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093692

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rudayni, Hassan Ahmed, Abdelrahman M. Rabie, Malak Aladwani, Lina M. Alneghery, Gasem M. Abu-Taweel, Wail Al Zoubi, Ahmed A. Allam, Mostafa R. Abukhadra, and Stefano Bellucci. 2023. "Biological Activities of Sargassum Algae Mediated ZnO and Co Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Enhanced Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Agents" Molecules 28, no. 9: 3692. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093692

APA Style

Rudayni, H. A., Rabie, A. M., Aladwani, M., Alneghery, L. M., Abu-Taweel, G. M., Al Zoubi, W., Allam, A. A., Abukhadra, M. R., & Bellucci, S. (2023). Biological Activities of Sargassum Algae Mediated ZnO and Co Doped ZnO Nanoparticles as Enhanced Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Agents. Molecules, 28(9), 3692. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093692

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