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Article

Study on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Obtained Sonochemically for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Food

by
Sara Palmieri
1,†,
Dounia Elfadil
1,2,†,
Federico Fanti
1,
Flavio Della Pelle
1,
Manuel Sergi
1,
Aziz Amine
2,* and
Dario Compagnone
1,*
1
Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
2
Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2023, 28(2), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020703
Submission received: 29 November 2022 / Revised: 4 January 2023 / Accepted: 5 January 2023 / Published: 10 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Analytical Tools for Characterization and Quality Control of Food, Drugs, and Natural Active Ingredients)
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Abstract

Aflatoxins (AFs) are fungi secondary metabolites produced by the Aspergillus family. These compounds can enter the food chain through food contamination, representing a risk to human health. Commercial immunoaffinity columns are widely used for the extraction and cleanup of AFs from food samples; however, their high cost and large solvent consumption create a need for alternative strategies. In this work, an alternative strategy for producing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was proposed to extract aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 from complex food samples, using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The MIPs were synthesized via a low-cost and rapid (5 min) sonochemical free-radical polymerization, using 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid as a dummy template. MIPs-based solid phase extraction performance was tested on 17 dietary supplements (vegetables, fruits, and cereals), obtaining appreciable recovery rates (65–90%) and good reproducibility (RSD ≤ 6%, n = 3); the selectivity towards other mycotoxins was proved and the data obtained compared with commercial immunoaffinity columns. The proposed strategy can be considered an alternative affordable approach to the classical immunoaffinity columns, since it is more selective and better performing.
Keywords: aflatoxins; food samples; HPLC–MS/MS analysis; molecularly imprinted polymers; mycotoxins extraction aflatoxins; food samples; HPLC–MS/MS analysis; molecularly imprinted polymers; mycotoxins extraction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Palmieri, S.; Elfadil, D.; Fanti, F.; Della Pelle, F.; Sergi, M.; Amine, A.; Compagnone, D. Study on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Obtained Sonochemically for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Food. Molecules 2023, 28, 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020703

AMA Style

Palmieri S, Elfadil D, Fanti F, Della Pelle F, Sergi M, Amine A, Compagnone D. Study on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Obtained Sonochemically for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Food. Molecules. 2023; 28(2):703. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020703

Chicago/Turabian Style

Palmieri, Sara, Dounia Elfadil, Federico Fanti, Flavio Della Pelle, Manuel Sergi, Aziz Amine, and Dario Compagnone. 2023. "Study on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Obtained Sonochemically for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Food" Molecules 28, no. 2: 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020703

APA Style

Palmieri, S., Elfadil, D., Fanti, F., Della Pelle, F., Sergi, M., Amine, A., & Compagnone, D. (2023). Study on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Obtained Sonochemically for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Food. Molecules, 28(2), 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020703

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