Adsorption of Methyl Red and Methylene Blue on Carbon Bioadsorbents Obtained from Biogas Plant Waste Materials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Physicochemical, Acid-Base Properties of the Precursor, Pyrolysis Product and Biocarbons Obtained
2.2. Adsorption Study
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Precursor and Biocarbons
3.2. Precursor/Biocarbons Characteristics
3.3. Adsorption of Methylene Blue/Methyl Red
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Sample | Ash | Cdaf 1 | Hdaf | Ndaf | Sdaf | Odiff 2 | Yield 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Precursor | 27.4 | 43.2 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 45.2 | - |
P | 55.8 | 81.3 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 8.7 | 59.8 |
PA6 | 49.6 | 74.6 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 18.7 | 54.4 |
PA7 | 52.7 | 59.4 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 34.2 | 50.8 |
Sample | Acidic Group Content [mmol/g] | Basic Group Content [mmol/g] | Total Content of Surface Groups [mmol/g] | pH of Aqueous Extracts |
---|---|---|---|---|
Precursor | 1.35 | 0.44 | 1.79 | 4.29 |
PA6 | 0.92 | 0.31 | 1.23 | 5.64 |
PA7 | 0.69 | 0.42 | 1.11 | 5.96 |
Sample | Total 1 | Micropore | Pore Size [nm] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface Area [m2/g] | Pore Volume [cm3/g] | Area [m2/g] | Volume [cm3/g] | ||
PA6 | 320 | 0.23 | 276 | 0.18 | 3.96 |
PA7 | 616 | 0.48 | 490 | 0.40 | 3.20 |
Model | Parameters | Methylene Blue | Methyl Red | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA6 | PA7 | PA6 | PA7 | ||
qe [mg/g] | 40 | 146 | 31 | 113 | |
Langmuir | qm [mg/g] | 41 | 147 | 33 | 115 |
R2 | 0.999 | 0.993 | 0.990 | 0.991 | |
RL | 0.116–0.316 | 0.502–0.729 | 0.512–0.759 | 0.493–0.722 | |
KL [L/mg] | 0.216 | 0.016 | 0.032 | 0.013 | |
Freundlich | R2 | 0.940 | 0.990 | 0.959 | 0.981 |
KF [mg/g(L/mg)1/n] | 31.20 | 94.17 | 13.78 | 52.88 | |
1/n | 0.132 | 0.179 | 0.330 | 0.293 |
Model | Parameters | Methylene Blue | Methyl Red | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA6 | PA7 | PA6 | PA7 | ||
qt [mg/g] | 22 | 83 | 31 | 50 | |
Pseudo-first order | qe,cal [mg/g] | 5 | 14 | 34 | 13 |
R2 | 0.961 | 0.949 | 0.9730 | 0.885 | |
k1 [1/min] | 3.77 × 10−2 | 2.40 × 10−2 | 1.17 × 10−2 | 9.90 × 10−3 | |
Pseudo-second order | qe,cal [mg/g] | 22 | 84 | 33 | 51 |
R2 | 1 | 0.999 | 0.994 | 0.999 | |
k2 [g/mg × min] | 2.25 × 10−2 | 2.19 × 10−3 | 9.96 × 10−4 | 2.70 × 10−3 |
Biocarbon | qe [mg/g] | Temperature [K] | ∆G0 [kJ/mol] | ∆H0 [kJ/mol] | ∆S0 [J/mol K] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA6 (methylene blue) | 37 | 298 | −4.59 | 9.53 | 40.11 |
40 | 318 | −5.50 | |||
47 | 338 | −6.49 | |||
PA7 (methylene blue) | 80 | 298 | −8.13 | 10.85 | 63.61 |
98 | 318 | −9.31 | |||
109 | 338 | −10.69 | |||
PA6 (methyl red) | 25 | 298 | −3.15 | 12.21 | 51.52 |
29 | 318 | −4.17 | |||
32 | 338 | −5.22 | |||
PA7 (methyl red) | 50 | 298 | −8.35 | 6.88 | 51.07 |
57 | 318 | −9.35 | |||
63 | 338 | −10.39 |
Organic Dye | Bioadsorbent | qmax [mg/g] | References |
---|---|---|---|
Methylene blue | PA6 | 41 | This study |
PA7 | 147 | This study | |
Weeds-based biochar | 37 | [34] | |
Microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm fronds | 13 | [35] | |
Hydrochars from Pinus caribaea | 149 | [36] | |
Methyl red | PA6 | 33 | This study |
PA7 | 115 | This study | |
Bark of Hopbush | 37 | [37] | |
White potato peel powder | 31 | [38] | |
Coffee residues | 77 | [39] |
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Wolski, R.; Bazan-Wozniak, A.; Pietrzak, R. Adsorption of Methyl Red and Methylene Blue on Carbon Bioadsorbents Obtained from Biogas Plant Waste Materials. Molecules 2023, 28, 6712. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186712
Wolski R, Bazan-Wozniak A, Pietrzak R. Adsorption of Methyl Red and Methylene Blue on Carbon Bioadsorbents Obtained from Biogas Plant Waste Materials. Molecules. 2023; 28(18):6712. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186712
Chicago/Turabian StyleWolski, Robert, Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak, and Robert Pietrzak. 2023. "Adsorption of Methyl Red and Methylene Blue on Carbon Bioadsorbents Obtained from Biogas Plant Waste Materials" Molecules 28, no. 18: 6712. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186712