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Volume 27
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Review

Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Artemisinin, an Anti-Malarial Drug from Artemisia annua L.

by
Jameel M. Al-Khayri
1,*,
Wudali N. Sudheer
2,
Vasantha V. Lakshmaiah
2,
Epsita Mukherjee
3,
Aatika Nizam
4,
Muthu Thiruvengadam
5,
Praveen Nagella
2,*,
Fatima M. Alessa
6,
Muneera Q. Al-Mssallem
6,
Adel A. Rezk
1,
Wael F. Shehata
1 and
Mahesh Attimarad
7
1
Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
3
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, India
4
Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
5
Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
6
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
7
Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(9), 3040; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093040
Submission received: 8 April 2022 / Revised: 2 May 2022 / Accepted: 3 May 2022 / Published: 9 May 2022
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Abstract

Artemisinin is an anti-malarial sesquiterpene lactone derived from Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae family). One of the most widely used modes of treatment for malaria is an artemisinin-based combination therapy. Artemisinin and its associated compounds have a variety of pharmacological qualities that have helped achieve economic prominence in recent years. So far, research on the biosynthesis of this bioactive metabolite has revealed that it is produced in glandular trichomes and that the genes responsible for its production must be overexpressed in order to meet demand. Using biotechnological applications such as tissue culture, genetic engineering, and bioreactor-based approaches would aid in the upregulation of artemisinin yield, which is needed for the future. The current review focuses on the tissue culture aspects of propagation of A. annua and production of artemisinin from A. annua L. cell and organ cultures. The review also focuses on elicitation strategies in cell and organ cultures, as well as artemisinin biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of biosynthetic genes in Artemisia and plant model systems.
Keywords: Artemisia annua; Artemisinin; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; cell suspension culture; elicitation; bioreactor Artemisia annua; Artemisinin; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; cell suspension culture; elicitation; bioreactor

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Al-Khayri, J.M.; Sudheer, W.N.; Lakshmaiah, V.V.; Mukherjee, E.; Nizam, A.; Thiruvengadam, M.; Nagella, P.; Alessa, F.M.; Al-Mssallem, M.Q.; Rezk, A.A.; et al. Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Artemisinin, an Anti-Malarial Drug from Artemisia annua L. Molecules 2022, 27, 3040. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093040

AMA Style

Al-Khayri JM, Sudheer WN, Lakshmaiah VV, Mukherjee E, Nizam A, Thiruvengadam M, Nagella P, Alessa FM, Al-Mssallem MQ, Rezk AA, et al. Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Artemisinin, an Anti-Malarial Drug from Artemisia annua L. Molecules. 2022; 27(9):3040. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093040

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-Khayri, Jameel M., Wudali N. Sudheer, Vasantha V. Lakshmaiah, Epsita Mukherjee, Aatika Nizam, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Praveen Nagella, Fatima M. Alessa, Muneera Q. Al-Mssallem, Adel A. Rezk, and et al. 2022. "Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Artemisinin, an Anti-Malarial Drug from Artemisia annua L." Molecules 27, no. 9: 3040. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093040

APA Style

Al-Khayri, J. M., Sudheer, W. N., Lakshmaiah, V. V., Mukherjee, E., Nizam, A., Thiruvengadam, M., Nagella, P., Alessa, F. M., Al-Mssallem, M. Q., Rezk, A. A., Shehata, W. F., & Attimarad, M. (2022). Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Artemisinin, an Anti-Malarial Drug from Artemisia annua L. Molecules, 27(9), 3040. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093040

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