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Article

“Smart Extraction Chain” with Green Solvents: Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Picea abies Bark Waste for Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical and Cosmetic Uses

by
Stefania Sut
1,
Erica Maccari
1,
Gokhan Zengin
2,
Irene Ferrarese
1,
Francesca Loschi
1,
Marta Faggian
3,
Bertoni Paolo
4,
Nicola De Zordi
5 and
Stefano Dall’Acqua
1,*
1
Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
2
Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
3
Unired Srl, Via Niccolò Tommaseo 69, 35131 Padova, Italy
4
Holz Pichler SpA, Ega—Stenk 2, Bolzano, 39050 Nova Ponente, Italy
5
Società Agricola Moldoi—S.A.M, SrL, Belluno, Loc. Maras Moldoi 151/a, 32037 Sospirolo, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6719; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196719
Submission received: 2 September 2022 / Revised: 26 September 2022 / Accepted: 30 September 2022 / Published: 9 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Different Natural Plants)
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Abstract

Secondary metabolites from the sawmill waste Picea abies bark were extracted using an innovative two-step extraction that includes a first step with supercritical CO2 (SCO2) and a second step using green solvents, namely ethanol, water, and water ethanol mixture. Maceration (M), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) techniques were applied in the second step. A total of nineteen extract were obtained and yield were compared. Bark extracts were characterized by LC-DAD-MSn and classes of compounds were quantified as abietane derivatives, piceasides, flavonoids, and phenolics to compare different extractions. Obtained extracts were studied by in vitro assay to evaluate potential pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic uses assessing the antioxidant activity as well as the inhibitory activity on target enzymes. Results show that the “smart extraction chain” is advantageous in term of yield of extraction and phytoconstituent concentration. SCO2 extract, presenting a unique composition with a large amount of abietane derivatives, exerted the best activity for amylase inhibition compared to the other extracts.
Keywords: Picea abies bark; green extraction; supercritical CO2; ultrasound assisted extraction; microwave assisted extraction; antioxidant; enzyme inhibition assays Picea abies bark; green extraction; supercritical CO2; ultrasound assisted extraction; microwave assisted extraction; antioxidant; enzyme inhibition assays

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sut, S.; Maccari, E.; Zengin, G.; Ferrarese, I.; Loschi, F.; Faggian, M.; Paolo, B.; De Zordi, N.; Dall’Acqua, S. “Smart Extraction Chain” with Green Solvents: Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Picea abies Bark Waste for Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical and Cosmetic Uses. Molecules 2022, 27, 6719. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196719

AMA Style

Sut S, Maccari E, Zengin G, Ferrarese I, Loschi F, Faggian M, Paolo B, De Zordi N, Dall’Acqua S. “Smart Extraction Chain” with Green Solvents: Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Picea abies Bark Waste for Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical and Cosmetic Uses. Molecules. 2022; 27(19):6719. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196719

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sut, Stefania, Erica Maccari, Gokhan Zengin, Irene Ferrarese, Francesca Loschi, Marta Faggian, Bertoni Paolo, Nicola De Zordi, and Stefano Dall’Acqua. 2022. "“Smart Extraction Chain” with Green Solvents: Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Picea abies Bark Waste for Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical and Cosmetic Uses" Molecules 27, no. 19: 6719. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196719

APA Style

Sut, S., Maccari, E., Zengin, G., Ferrarese, I., Loschi, F., Faggian, M., Paolo, B., De Zordi, N., & Dall’Acqua, S. (2022). “Smart Extraction Chain” with Green Solvents: Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Picea abies Bark Waste for Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical and Cosmetic Uses. Molecules, 27(19), 6719. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196719

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