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Retraction published on 15 July 2026, see Molecules 2026, 31(14), 2475.
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Article

RETRACTED: Formulation and Optimization of Alogliptin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: In Vitro to In Vivo Assessment

by
Dibyalochan Mohanty
1,*,
Sadaf Jamal Gilani
2,
Ameeduzzafar Zafar
3,*,
Syed Sarim Imam
4,*,
Ladi Alik Kumar
5,
Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
6,
Mohammed Asadullah Jahangir
7,
Vasudha Bakshi
1,
Wasim Ahmad
8 and
Eyman Mohamed Eltayib
3
1
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad 500088, India
2
Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
5
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khurda 752050, India
6
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
7
Department of Pharmaceutics, Nibha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajgir 803116, India
8
Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(14), 4470; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144470
Submission received: 11 May 2022 / Revised: 1 July 2022 / Accepted: 7 July 2022 / Published: 13 July 2022 / Retracted: 15 July 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Discovery and Delivery Systems)
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Abstract

The nano-drug delivery system has gained greater acceptability for poorly soluble drugs. Alogliptin (ALG) is a FDA-approved oral anti-hyperglycemic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4. The present study is designed to prepare polymeric ALG nanoparticles (NPs) for the management of diabetes. ALG-NPs were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method and further optimized by Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD). The formulation was optimized by varying the independent variables Eudragit RSPO (A), Tween 20 (B), and sonication time (C), and the effects on the hydrodynamic diameter (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) were evaluated. The optimized ALG-NPs were further evaluated for in vitro release, intestinal permeation, and pharmacokinetic and anti-diabetic activity. The prepared ALG-NPs show a hydrodynamic diameter of between 272.34 nm and 482.87 nm, and an entrapment efficiency of between 64.43 and 95.21%. The in vitro release data of ALG-NPs reveals a prolonged release pattern (84.52 ± 4.1%) in 24 h. The permeation study results show a 2.35-fold higher permeation flux than pure ALG. ALG-NPs exhibit a significantly (p < 0.05) higher pharmacokinetic profile than pure ALG. They also significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the blood sugar levels as compared to pure ALG. The findings of the study support the application of ALG-entrapped Eudragit RSPO nanoparticles as an alternative carrier for the improvement of therapeutic activity.
Keywords: alogliptin; nanoparticle; Eudragit; pharmacokinetic study; antidiabetic activity alogliptin; nanoparticle; Eudragit; pharmacokinetic study; antidiabetic activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mohanty, D.; Gilani, S.J.; Zafar, A.; Imam, S.S.; Kumar, L.A.; Ahmed, M.M.; Jahangir, M.A.; Bakshi, V.; Ahmad, W.; Eltayib, E.M. RETRACTED: Formulation and Optimization of Alogliptin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: In Vitro to In Vivo Assessment. Molecules 2022, 27, 4470. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144470

AMA Style

Mohanty D, Gilani SJ, Zafar A, Imam SS, Kumar LA, Ahmed MM, Jahangir MA, Bakshi V, Ahmad W, Eltayib EM. RETRACTED: Formulation and Optimization of Alogliptin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: In Vitro to In Vivo Assessment. Molecules. 2022; 27(14):4470. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144470

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohanty, Dibyalochan, Sadaf Jamal Gilani, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Syed Sarim Imam, Ladi Alik Kumar, Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed, Mohammed Asadullah Jahangir, Vasudha Bakshi, Wasim Ahmad, and Eyman Mohamed Eltayib. 2022. "RETRACTED: Formulation and Optimization of Alogliptin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: In Vitro to In Vivo Assessment" Molecules 27, no. 14: 4470. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144470

APA Style

Mohanty, D., Gilani, S. J., Zafar, A., Imam, S. S., Kumar, L. A., Ahmed, M. M., Jahangir, M. A., Bakshi, V., Ahmad, W., & Eltayib, E. M. (2022). RETRACTED: Formulation and Optimization of Alogliptin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: In Vitro to In Vivo Assessment. Molecules, 27(14), 4470. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144470

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