Microbial Application to Improve Olive Mill Wastewater Phenolic Extracts
1
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 95024 Acireale, Italy
2
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Simona Fabroni
Molecules 2021, 26(7), 1944; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071944
Received: 25 February 2021
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Revised: 25 March 2021
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Accepted: 26 March 2021
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Published: 30 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Discovery of Bioactive Ingredients from Natural Products)
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) contains valuable and interesting bioactive compounds, among which is hydroxytyrosol, which is characterized by a remarkable antioxidant activity. Due to the health claims related to olive polyphenols, the aim of this study was to obtain an extract from OMW with an increased level of hydroxytyrosol by means of microbial enzymatic activity. For this purpose, four commercial adsorbent resins were selected and tested. The beta-glucosidase and esterase activity of strains of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also investigated and compared to those of a commercial enzyme and an Aspergillus niger strain. The W. anomalus strain showed the best enzymatic performances. The SP207 resin showed the best efficiency in selective recovery of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, and total phenols. The bioconversion test of the OMW extract was assessed by using both culture broths and pellets of the tested strains. The results demonstrated that the pellets of W. anomalus and L. plantarum were the most effective in hydroxytyrosol increasing in phenolic extract. The interesting results suggest the possibility to study new formulations of OMW phenolic extracts with multifunctional microorganisms.
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Keywords:
adsorbent resins; beta-glucosidase; esterase; hydroxytyrosol; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; oleuropein; tyrosol; Wickerhamomyces anomalus
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MDPI and ACS Style
Romeo, F.V.; Granuzzo, G.; Foti, P.; Ballistreri, G.; Caggia, C.; Rapisarda, P. Microbial Application to Improve Olive Mill Wastewater Phenolic Extracts. Molecules 2021, 26, 1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071944
AMA Style
Romeo FV, Granuzzo G, Foti P, Ballistreri G, Caggia C, Rapisarda P. Microbial Application to Improve Olive Mill Wastewater Phenolic Extracts. Molecules. 2021; 26(7):1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071944
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomeo, Flora V., Gina Granuzzo, Paola Foti, Gabriele Ballistreri, Cinzia Caggia, and Paolo Rapisarda. 2021. "Microbial Application to Improve Olive Mill Wastewater Phenolic Extracts" Molecules 26, no. 7: 1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071944
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