Bioprospecting of Coralline Red Alga Amphiroa rigida J.V. Lamouroux: Volatiles, Fatty Acids and Pigments
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Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Henryk H. Jeleń
Molecules 2021, 26(3), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030520
Received: 22 December 2020
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Revised: 10 January 2021
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Accepted: 18 January 2021
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Published: 20 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Flavours and Fragrances)
Due to the lack of phytochemical composition data, the major goals of the present study on Amphiroa rigida J.V. Lamouroux were to: (a) investigate and compare volatilome profiles of fresh and air-dried samples obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis; (b) determine fatty acids profile by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID); (c) obtain the pigment profiles of semipurified extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and (d) evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of its less polar fractions. The comparison of headspace of fresh (FrAr) and air-dried (DrAr) samples revealed many similarities regarding the presence and abundance of the major (heptadecane and pentadecane) and minor compounds. The hydrodistillate (HD) of DrAr profile was quite different in comparison to HD-FrAr. The predominant compound in HD-FrAr was (E)-phytol. In HD-DrAr, its percentage was approximately one-half reduced, but the abundance of its degradation product phytone and of unsaturated and oxygenated compounds increased indicating more intense fatty acid decomposition and oxidation during drying. The fatty acid determination revealed that the most dominant was palmitic acid (42.86%) followed by eicosapentaenoic acid (19.14%) and stearic acid (11.65%). Among the pigments, A. rigida contained fucoxanthin (0.63 mg g−1 of dry fraction), lutein (5.83 mg g−1), β-carotene (6.18 mg g−1) and chlorophyll a (13.65 mg g−1). The analyzed less polar fractions of A. rigida exhibited antioxidant scavenging activity with diammonium salt of 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-yl) sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay up to 3.87 mg g−1 trolox equivalents (TE), and with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay up to 825.63 μmol g−1 TE (with carotenoids as the major contributors).
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Keywords:
red algae; extraction; volatile compounds; fatty acids; pigments; antioxidant activity
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MDPI and ACS Style
Cikoš, A.-M.; Flanjak, I.; Bojanić, K.; Babić, S.; Čižmek, L.; Čož-Rakovac, R.; Jokić, S.; Jerković, I. Bioprospecting of Coralline Red Alga Amphiroa rigida J.V. Lamouroux: Volatiles, Fatty Acids and Pigments. Molecules 2021, 26, 520. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030520
AMA Style
Cikoš A-M, Flanjak I, Bojanić K, Babić S, Čižmek L, Čož-Rakovac R, Jokić S, Jerković I. Bioprospecting of Coralline Red Alga Amphiroa rigida J.V. Lamouroux: Volatiles, Fatty Acids and Pigments. Molecules. 2021; 26(3):520. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030520
Chicago/Turabian StyleCikoš, Ana-Marija, Ivana Flanjak, Krunoslav Bojanić, Sanja Babić, Lara Čižmek, Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac, Stela Jokić, and Igor Jerković. 2021. "Bioprospecting of Coralline Red Alga Amphiroa rigida J.V. Lamouroux: Volatiles, Fatty Acids and Pigments" Molecules 26, no. 3: 520. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030520
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