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Article

Precursor-Boosted Production of Metabolites in Nasturtium officinale Microshoots Grown in Plantform Bioreactors, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Biomass Extracts

by
Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
1,2,
Michał Dziurka
3,
Ivica Blažević
4,
Azra Đulović
4,
Małgorzata Miazga-Karska
5,
Katarzyna Klimek
5,
Halina Ekiert
1 and
Agnieszka Szopa
1,*
1
Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
2
Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Aesthetic Surgery, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University, Stefana Żeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
3
The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
4
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
5
Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-046 Lublin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(15), 4660; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154660
Submission received: 12 June 2021 / Revised: 16 July 2021 / Accepted: 27 July 2021 / Published: 31 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activities of Natural Products II)
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Abstract

The study demonstrated the effects of precursor feeding on the production of glucosinolates (GSLs), flavonoids, polyphenols, saccharides, and photosynthetic pigments in Nasturtium officinale microshoot cultures grown in Plantform bioreactors. It also evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts. L-phenylalanine (Phe) and L-tryptophan (Trp) as precursors were tested at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mM. They were added at the beginning (day 0) or on day 10 of the culture. Microshoots were harvested after 20 days. Microshoots treated with 3.0 mM Phe (day 0) had the highest total GSL content (269.20 mg/100 g DW). The qualitative and quantitative profiles of the GSLs (UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS) were influenced by precursor feeding. Phe at 3.0 mM stimulated the best production of 4-methoxyglucobrassicin (149.99 mg/100 g DW) and gluconasturtiin (36.17 mg/100 g DW). Total flavonoids increased to a maximum of 1364.38 mg/100 g DW with 3.0 mM Phe (day 0), and polyphenols to a maximum of 1062.76 mg/100 g DW with 3.0 mM Trp (day 0). The precursors also increased the amounts of p-coumaric and ferulic acids, and rutoside, and generally increased the production of active photosynthetic pigments. Antioxidant potential increased the most with 0.1 mM Phe (day 0) (CUPRAC, FRAP), and with 0.5 mM Trp (day 10) (DPPH). The extracts of microshoots treated with 3.0 mM Phe (day 0) showed the most promising bacteriostatic activity against microaerobic Gram-positive acne strains (MIC 250–500 µg/mL, 20–21 mm inhibition zones). No extract was cytotoxic to normal human fibroblasts over the tested concentration range (up to 250 μg/mL).
Keywords: in vitro cultures; Plantform bioreactor; L-phenylalanine; L-tryptophan; glucosinolates; polyphenol compounds; photosynthetic pigments; saccharides; antioxidant activity; antimicrobial activity in vitro cultures; Plantform bioreactor; L-phenylalanine; L-tryptophan; glucosinolates; polyphenol compounds; photosynthetic pigments; saccharides; antioxidant activity; antimicrobial activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Klimek-Szczykutowicz, M.; Dziurka, M.; Blažević, I.; Đulović, A.; Miazga-Karska, M.; Klimek, K.; Ekiert, H.; Szopa, A. Precursor-Boosted Production of Metabolites in Nasturtium officinale Microshoots Grown in Plantform Bioreactors, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Biomass Extracts. Molecules 2021, 26, 4660. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154660

AMA Style

Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Dziurka M, Blažević I, Đulović A, Miazga-Karska M, Klimek K, Ekiert H, Szopa A. Precursor-Boosted Production of Metabolites in Nasturtium officinale Microshoots Grown in Plantform Bioreactors, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Biomass Extracts. Molecules. 2021; 26(15):4660. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154660

Chicago/Turabian Style

Klimek-Szczykutowicz, Marta, Michał Dziurka, Ivica Blažević, Azra Đulović, Małgorzata Miazga-Karska, Katarzyna Klimek, Halina Ekiert, and Agnieszka Szopa. 2021. "Precursor-Boosted Production of Metabolites in Nasturtium officinale Microshoots Grown in Plantform Bioreactors, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Biomass Extracts" Molecules 26, no. 15: 4660. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154660

APA Style

Klimek-Szczykutowicz, M., Dziurka, M., Blažević, I., Đulović, A., Miazga-Karska, M., Klimek, K., Ekiert, H., & Szopa, A. (2021). Precursor-Boosted Production of Metabolites in Nasturtium officinale Microshoots Grown in Plantform Bioreactors, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Biomass Extracts. Molecules, 26(15), 4660. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154660

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