Rapid Detection and Quantification of Patulin and Citrinin Contamination in Fruits

Sadhasivam, Sudharsan; Barda, Omer; Zakin, Varda; Reifen, Ram; Sionov, Edward

doi:10.3390/molecules26154545

Open AccessCommunication

Rapid Detection and Quantification of Patulin and Citrinin Contamination in Fruits

by

Sudharsan Sadhasivam

^1,2,†

,

Omer Barda

^1,†

,

Varda Zakin

¹,

Ram Reifen

² and

Edward Sionov

^1,*

¹

Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel

²

The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Molecules 2021, 26(15), 4545; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154545

Submission received: 18 June 2021 / Revised: 22 July 2021 / Accepted: 26 July 2021 / Published: 27 July 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical Methods for Mycotoxin Analysis)

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Abstract

Patulin (PAT) and citrinin (CTN) are the most common mycotoxins produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus species and are often associated with fruits and fruit by-products. Hence, simple and reliable methods for monitoring these toxins in foodstuffs are required for regular quality assessment. In this study, we aimed to establish a cost-effective method for detection and quantification of PAT and CTN in pome fruits, such as apples and pears, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with spectroscopic detectors without the need for any clean-up steps. The method showed good performance in the analysis of these mycotoxins in apple and pear fruit samples with recovery ranges of 55–97% for PAT and 84–101% for CTN, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) of PAT and CTN in fruits were 0.006 µg/g and 0.001 µg/g, while their limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.018 µg/g and 0.003 µg/g, respectively. The present findings indicate that the newly developed HPLC method provides rapid and accurate detection of PAT and CTN in fruits.

Keywords: mycotoxin detection; pome fruits; patulin; citrinin; HPLC

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sadhasivam, S.; Barda, O.; Zakin, V.; Reifen, R.; Sionov, E. Rapid Detection and Quantification of Patulin and Citrinin Contamination in Fruits. Molecules 2021, 26, 4545. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154545

AMA Style

Sadhasivam S, Barda O, Zakin V, Reifen R, Sionov E. Rapid Detection and Quantification of Patulin and Citrinin Contamination in Fruits. Molecules. 2021; 26(15):4545. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154545

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadhasivam, Sudharsan, Omer Barda, Varda Zakin, Ram Reifen, and Edward Sionov. 2021. "Rapid Detection and Quantification of Patulin and Citrinin Contamination in Fruits" Molecules 26, no. 15: 4545. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154545

APA Style

Sadhasivam, S., Barda, O., Zakin, V., Reifen, R., & Sionov, E. (2021). Rapid Detection and Quantification of Patulin and Citrinin Contamination in Fruits. Molecules, 26(15), 4545. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154545

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Rapid Detection and Quantification of Patulin and Citrinin Contamination in Fruits

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