In Search of Factors Determining Activity of Co3O4 Nanoparticles Dispersed in Partially Exfoliated Montmorillonite Structure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Effect of Volume of Co2+ Solution
2.2. Effect of Concentration of Co2+ Solution
2.3. Effect of pH-Controlling Agent
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals
3.2. Synthesis
3.3. Characterization
3.4. Catalytic Activity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Sample | Textural Parameters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
SBET (m2/g) | Vmeso (cm3/g) | Vmicro (cm3/g) | Vtotal (cm3/g) | |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_100 | 21 | 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.12 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_200 | 32 | 0.13 | 0.001 | 0.17 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_300 | 93 | 0.21 | 0.001 | 0.25 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_400 | 55 | 0.17 | 0.001 | 0.18 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_500 | 86 | 0.18 | 0.003 | 0.22 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_600 | 32 | 0.11 | 0.003 | 0.15 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_700 | 93 | 0.19 | 0.003 | 0.22 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_100 | 14 | 0.06 | 0.001 | 0.09 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_200 | 17 | 0.10 | 0.001 | 0.11 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_300 | 27 | 0.13 | 0.001 | 0.15 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_400 | 63 | 0.19 | 0.001 | 0.20 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_500 | 94 | 0.20 | 0.005 | 0.23 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_600 | 96 | 0.21 | 0.001 | 0.26 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_700 | 94 | 0.21 | 0.005 | 0.25 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_100 | 15 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.06 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_200 | 20 | 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.12 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_300 | 31 | 0.13 | 0.001 | 0.18 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_400 | 23 | 0.13 | 0.001 | 0.15 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_500 | 55 | 0.19 | 0.001 | 0.23 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_600 | 82 | 0.19 | 0.009 | 0.23 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_700 | 92 | 0.23 | 0.006 | 0.27 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_100 | 20 | 0.06 | 0.003 | 0.09 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_200 | 26 | 0.10 | 0.001 | 0.15 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_300 | 31 | 0.11 | 0.001 | 0.13 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_400 | 40 | 0.13 | 0.001 | 0.16 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_500 | 78 | 0.20 | 0.002 | 0.21 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_600 | 96 | 0.29 | 0.004 | 0.30 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_700 | 103 | 0.26 | 0.004 | 0.30 |
Sample | Content (% at.) | Molar Ratio | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si | Al | O2− | OH− | Na | Co | Co2+/Co3+ | Co/Si Bulk a | Co/Si Surface b | |
Mt-Co-pH5.0 | |||||||||
100 | 17.61 | 5.83 | 2.71 | 52.01 | 16.26 | 5.58 | 1.5 | 0.28 | 0.32 |
300 | 20.93 | 6.97 | 7.14 | 48.64 | 10.74 | 5.59 | 1.2 | 0.53 | 0.27 |
500 | 22.68 | 7.70 | 2.34 | 59.16 | 2.76 | 5.34 | 1.7 | 0.69 | 0.24 |
700 | 22.38 | 7.15 | 3.02 | 58.72 | - | 8.74 | 1.7 | 0.79 | 0.39 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0 | |||||||||
100 | 17.66 | 5.79 | 0.70 | 55.06 | 18.20 | 2.59 | 1.4 | 0.23 | 0.15 |
300 | 18.61 | 5.98 | 1.31 | 53.95 | 12.88 | 7.28 | 2.3 | 0.50 | 0.39 |
500 | 21.58 | 6.76 | 7.17 | 54.08 | - | 10.42 | 1.5 | 0.81 | 0.48 |
700 | 21.47 | 6.61 | 6.03 | 54.29 | - | 11.59 | 1.4 | 1.11 | 0.54 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0 | |||||||||
100 | 14.43 | 4.04 | 1.50 | 53.74 | 22.93 | 3.36 | 1.2 | 0.31 | 0.23 |
300 | 18.88 | 5.71 | 5.59 | 48.97 | 12.81 | 8.04 | 1.8 | 0.47 | 0.43 |
500 | 19.65 | 5.01 | 13.02 | 42.87 | 6.56 | 12.90 | 1.1 | 0.84 | 0.66 |
700 | 21.22 | 6.27 | 9.43 | 50.72 | - | 12.38 | 1.1 | 1.29 | 0.58 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0 | |||||||||
100 | 14.49 | 4.48 | 0.69 | 50.68 | 26.77 | 2.88 | 1.9 | 0.22 | 0.20 |
300 | 18.66 | 5.52 | 13.65 | 39.35 | 13.95 | 8.87 | 1.0 | 0.45 | 0.48 |
500 | 19.22 | 5.20 | 12.06 | 43.50 | 5.84 | 14.18 | 1.7 | 0.83 | 0.74 |
700 | 20.43 | 6.16 | 8.81 | 49.17 | 2.77 | 12.68 | 1.0 | 1.48 | 0.62 |
Sample | Textural Parameters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
SBET (m2/g) | Vmeso (cm3/g) | Vmicro (cm3/g) | Vtotal (cm3/g) | |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_500_0.005 | 37 | 0.11 | 0.002 | 0.15 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_500_0.010 | 86 | 0.18 | 0.003 | 0.22 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_500_0.020 | 100 | 0.19 | 0.005 | 0.27 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_500_0.030 | 101 | 0.19 | 0.005 | 0.28 |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_500_0.040 | 85 | 0.19 | 0.004 | 0.22 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_500_0.005 | 28 | 0.11 | 0.001 | 0.17 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_500_0.010 | 94 | 0.20 | 0.005 | 0.23 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_500_0.020 | 93 | 0.18 | 0.005 | 0.26 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_500_0.030 | 100 | 0.21 | 0.005 | 0.30 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_500_0.040 | 90 | 0.16 | 0.005 | 0.18 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_500_0.005 | 24 | 0.09 | 0.001 | 0.15 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_500_0.010 | 55 | 0.19 | 0.001 | 0.23 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_500_0.020 | 94 | 0.19 | 0.004 | 0.25 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_500_0.030 | 107 | 0.21 | 0.007 | 0.29 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_500_0.040 | 90 | 0.20 | 0.001 | 0.22 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_500_0.005 | 20 | 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.14 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_500_0.010 | 78 | 0.20 | 0.002 | 0.21 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_500_0.020 | 100 | 0.26 | 0.005 | 0.26 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_500_0.030 | 110 | 0.19 | 0.007 | 0.27 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_500_0.040 | 105 | 0.20 | 0.008 | 0.24 |
Sample | Content (% at.) | Molar Ratio | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si | Al | O2− | OH− | Na | Co | Co2+/Co3+ | Co/Si Bulk a | Co/Si Surface b | |
Mt-Co-pH5.0_500 | |||||||||
0.005 | 21.23 | 6.78 | 2.34 | 59.16 | 9.51 | 4.88 | 1.5 | 0.65 | 0.23 |
0.010 | 22.68 | 7.70 | 4.24 | 57.21 | 2.76 | 5.34 | 1.7 | 0.69 | 0.24 |
0.020 | 20.40 | 5.52 | 9.89 | 47.60 | - | 16.58 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 0.81 |
0.030 | 20.07 | 5.27 | 7.57 | 49.84 | - | 17.24 | 1.8 | 1.12 | 0.86 |
0.040 | 21.92 | 6.67 | 6.45 | 54.50 | - | 10.47 | 1.7 | 1.22 | 0.48 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_500 | |||||||||
0.005 | 18.68 | 5.86 | 5.84 | 48.62 | 16.04 | 4.95 | 1.7 | 0.68 | 0.26 |
0.010 | 21.58 | 6.76 | 7.17 | 54.08 | - | 10.42 | 1.5 | 0.81 | 0.48 |
0.020 | 20.74 | 5.93 | 8.11 | 50.11 | - | 15.11 | 1.2 | 1.21 | 0.73 |
0.030 | 22.44 | 6.70 | 6.54 | 54.88 | - | 9.51 | 1.9 | 1.21 | 0.42 |
0.040 | 20.55 | 5.74 | 9.62 | 49.78 | - | 14.29 | 1.4 | 1.25 | 0.70 |
Mt-Co-pH7.0_500 | |||||||||
0.005 | 17.55 | 5.18 | 4.28 | 49.32 | 18.27 | 5.40 | 2.3 | 0.70 | 0.31 |
0.010 | 19.65 | 5.01 | 13.02 | 42.87 | 6.56 | 12.90 | 1.1 | 0.84 | 0.66 |
0.020 | 22.53 | 7.18 | 9.74 | 51.55 | - | 9.07 | 1.1 | 1.45 | 0.40 |
0.030 | 19.88 | 5.29 | 9.03 | 48.76 | - | 17.05 | 1.3 | 1.65 | 0.86 |
0.040 | 19.46 | 5.46 | 8.24 | 49.52 | - | 17.34 | 1.3 | 1.40 | 0.89 |
Mt-Co-pH8.0_500 | |||||||||
0.005 | 16.48 | 4.56 | 4.97 | 47.74 | 21.87 | 4.40 | 1.5 | 0.72 | 0.27 |
0.010 | 19.22 | 5.20 | 12.06 | 43.50 | 5.84 | 14.18 | 1.7 | 0.83 | 0.74 |
0.020 | 20.58 | 5.33 | 8.10 | 48.84 | - | 17.16 | 1.7 | 1.69 | 0.83 |
0.030 | 18.94 | 3.20 | 14.13 | 39.77 | - | 23.95 | 1.9 | 2.83 | 1.26 |
0.040 | 18.93 | 3.80 | 11.42 | 44.94 | - | 20.90 | 1.9 | 3.01 | 1.10 |
Sample | Textural Parameters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
SBET (m2/g) | Vmeso (cm3/g) | Vmicro (cm3/g) | Vtotal (cm3/g) | |
KOH | ||||
Mt-Co-pH6.0_100_0.010 | 27 | 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.09 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_200_0.010 | 39 | 0.11 | 0.002 | 0.11 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_300_0.010 | 51 | 0.14 | 0.001 | 0.14 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_400_0.010 | 75 | 0.16 | 0.001 | 0.17 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_500_0.010 | 91 | 0.15 | 0.005 | 0.18 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_600_0.010 | 94 | 0.17 | 0.005 | 0.19 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_700_0.010 | 98 | 0.21 | 0.005 | 0.21 |
NH3·H2O | ||||
Mt-Co-pH6.0_100_0.010 | 93 | 0.10 | 0.007 | 0.13 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_200_0.010 | 113 | 0.15 | 0.006 | 0.19 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_300_0.010 | 121 | 0.20 | 0.005 | 0.21 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_400_0.010 | 108 | 0.16 | 0.005 | 0.19 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_500_0.010 | 101 | 0.16 | 0.004 | 0.19 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_600_0.010 | 97 | 0.15 | 0.004 | 0.17 |
Mt-Co-pH6.0_700_0.010 | 107 | 0.18 | 0.005 | 0.21 |
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Rokicińska, A.; Berniak, T.; Drozdek, M.; Kuśtrowski, P. In Search of Factors Determining Activity of Co3O4 Nanoparticles Dispersed in Partially Exfoliated Montmorillonite Structure. Molecules 2021, 26, 3288. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113288
Rokicińska A, Berniak T, Drozdek M, Kuśtrowski P. In Search of Factors Determining Activity of Co3O4 Nanoparticles Dispersed in Partially Exfoliated Montmorillonite Structure. Molecules. 2021; 26(11):3288. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113288
Chicago/Turabian StyleRokicińska, Anna, Tomasz Berniak, Marek Drozdek, and Piotr Kuśtrowski. 2021. "In Search of Factors Determining Activity of Co3O4 Nanoparticles Dispersed in Partially Exfoliated Montmorillonite Structure" Molecules 26, no. 11: 3288. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113288