EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Khavinson, Vladimir; Linkova, Natalia; Kozhevnikova, Ekaterina; Trofimova, Svetlana

doi:10.3390/molecules26010159

Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue

Article Menu

...

Open AccessReview

EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Vladimir Khavinson

^1,2,

Natalia Linkova

^1,*

Ekaterina Kozhevnikova

¹ and

Svetlana Trofimova

Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia

Group of Peptide Regulation of Aging, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Molecules 2021, 26(1), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010159

Received: 8 December 2020 / Revised: 23 December 2020 / Accepted: 29 December 2020 / Published: 31 December 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peptide Therapeutics 2.0)

View Full-Text Download PDF

Browse Figures

Citation Export

Abstract

The EDR peptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) has been previously established to possess neuroprotective properties. It activates gene expression and synthesis of proteins, involved in maintaining the neuronal functional activity, and reduces the intensity of their apoptosis in in vitro and in vivo studies. The EDR peptide interferes with the elimination of dendritic spines in neuronal cultures obtained from mice with Alzheimer’s (AD) and Huntington’s diseases. The tripeptide promotes the activation of the antioxidant enzyme synthesis in the culture of cerebellum neurons in rats. The EDR peptide normalizes behavioral responses in animal studies and improves memory issues in elderly patients. The purpose of this review is to analyze the molecular and genetics aspects of the EDR peptide effect on gene expression and synthesis of proteins involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The EDR peptide is assumed to enter cells and bind to histone proteins and/or ribonucleic acids. Thus, the EDR peptide can change the activity of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, the synthesis of proapoptotic proteins (caspase-3, p53), proteins of the antioxidant system (SOD2, GPX1), transcription factors PPARA, PPARG, serotonin, calmodulin. The abovementioned signaling pathway and proteins are the components of pathogenesis in AD. The EDR peptide can be AD. View Full-Text

Keywords: tripeptide; neuroprotection; MAPK; apoptosis; SOD2; GPX1; PPARA; PPARG; serotonin; calmodulin

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Khavinson, V.; Linkova, N.; Kozhevnikova, E.; Trofimova, S. EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecules 2021, 26, 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010159

AMA Style

Khavinson V, Linkova N, Kozhevnikova E, Trofimova S. EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecules. 2021; 26(1):159. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010159

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khavinson, Vladimir, Natalia Linkova, Ekaterina Kozhevnikova, and Svetlana Trofimova. 2021. "EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease" Molecules 26, no. 1: 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010159

Find Other Styles

Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Abstract views Pdf views Html views

Article Menu

EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI