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Article

Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oils from Tunisian Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta and Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum

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Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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Department Pharmaceutical Sciences “A”, Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir BP 207, Avenue Avicenna, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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Department of Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Laboratory of Research in Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Silvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, BP. 345, University of Jendouba, Tabarka 8110, Tunisia
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IRESA, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, I.N.R.G.R.E.F, BP N°10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
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Research unit UR13AGR09, Regional Center for Research in Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, TN-4042 Sousse, Tunisia
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Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Giovanni Benelli
Molecules 2020, 25(9), 2137; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092137
Received: 9 April 2020 / Revised: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 May 2020 / Published: 2 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insecticide, Acaricide, Repellent and Antimicrobial Development)
The present investigation was focused on the study of the chemical composition variability and biological activities of the essential oils from Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta and subsp. glandulosum. Essential oils extraction was performed using hydrodistillation and the separation of the constituents was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antifungal activities were tested against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Candida albicans. Toxicity and repellency were evaluated against the stored product pests Tribolium confusum and Sitophilus zeamais. Both essential oils were characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes. Piperitone ranks first in the subspecies nepeta and piperitenone oxide is the dominant constituent in the subspecies glandulosum. All tested samples displayed noteworthy antifungal properties, with the highest activity observed for the essential oil of C. nepeta subsp. glandulosum, collected in Béni-M’tir, against T. mentagrophytes (MIC = 40 µg/mL). The essential oil samples of C. nepeta subsp. glandulosum were strongly repellent to the insect species (PR > 80%, after 2h) and highly toxic to S. zeamais reaching 97.5%–100% mortality after 24 h of exposure. In conclusion, this study showed considerable intra-specific changes in the quality of C. nepeta essential oils, which is reflected in different rates of antifungal and insecticidal activity. View Full-Text
Keywords: Lamiaceae; Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta; Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum; essential oils; chemical variability; biological activities Lamiaceae; Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta; Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum; essential oils; chemical variability; biological activities
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MDPI and ACS Style

Debbabi, H.; El Mokni, R.; Chaieb, I.; Nardoni, S.; Maggi, F.; Caprioli, G.; Hammami, S. Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oils from Tunisian Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta and Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum. Molecules 2020, 25, 2137. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092137

AMA Style

Debbabi H, El Mokni R, Chaieb I, Nardoni S, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Hammami S. Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oils from Tunisian Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta and Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum. Molecules. 2020; 25(9):2137. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092137

Chicago/Turabian Style

Debbabi, Haïfa, Ridha El Mokni, Ikbal Chaieb, Simona Nardoni, Filippo Maggi, Giovanni Caprioli, and Saoussen Hammami. 2020. "Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oils from Tunisian Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta and Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum" Molecules 25, no. 9: 2137. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092137

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