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Article

Brassica incana Ten. (Brassicaceae): Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of the Leaf and Flowering Top Extracts

by
Natalizia Miceli
1,*,
Emilia Cavò
1,2,
Monica Ragusa
3,
Francesco Cacciola
4,
Luigi Mondello
1,5,6,7,
Laura Dugo
5,
Rosaria Acquaviva
8,
Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
8,
Andreana Marino
1,
Manuela D’Arrigo
1 and
Maria Fernanda Taviano
1
1
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
2
Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
3
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
4
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
5
Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Àlvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
6
Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
7
BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
8
Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95123 Catania, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2020, 25(6), 1461; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061461
Submission received: 28 February 2020 / Revised: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 21 March 2020 / Published: 24 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Phenolic and Polyphenolic Compounds)
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Abstract

Brassica incana Ten. is an edible plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family. In this work, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the leaves and the flowering tops of B. incana grown wild in Sicily (Italy) were studied for the first time. A total of 17 and 20 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the leaf and in the flowering top extracts, respectively, by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS analysis. Brassica incana extracts showed in vitro antioxidant properties; the leaf extract displayed greater radical scavenging activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test than the flowering top extract (IC50 = 1.306 ± 0.049 mg/mL and 2.077 ± 0.011 mg/mL), which in turn had a stronger ferrous ion chelating ability than the other (IC50 = 0.232 ± 0.002 mg/mL and 1.147 ± 0.016 mg/mL). The cytotoxicity of the extracts against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines was evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release determination. The extracts showed cytotoxic efficacy against Caco-2 cells, with the flowering top extract being the most effective (about 90% activity at the highest concentration tested). In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the extracts exhibited no toxicity, indicating their potential safety.
Keywords: Brassica incana Ten.; phenolic compounds; antioxidant activity; cytotoxicity; Artemia salina Leach Brassica incana Ten.; phenolic compounds; antioxidant activity; cytotoxicity; Artemia salina Leach

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MDPI and ACS Style

Miceli, N.; Cavò, E.; Ragusa, M.; Cacciola, F.; Mondello, L.; Dugo, L.; Acquaviva, R.; Malfa, G.A.; Marino, A.; D’Arrigo, M.; et al. Brassica incana Ten. (Brassicaceae): Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of the Leaf and Flowering Top Extracts. Molecules 2020, 25, 1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061461

AMA Style

Miceli N, Cavò E, Ragusa M, Cacciola F, Mondello L, Dugo L, Acquaviva R, Malfa GA, Marino A, D’Arrigo M, et al. Brassica incana Ten. (Brassicaceae): Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of the Leaf and Flowering Top Extracts. Molecules. 2020; 25(6):1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061461

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miceli, Natalizia, Emilia Cavò, Monica Ragusa, Francesco Cacciola, Luigi Mondello, Laura Dugo, Rosaria Acquaviva, Giuseppe Antonio Malfa, Andreana Marino, Manuela D’Arrigo, and et al. 2020. "Brassica incana Ten. (Brassicaceae): Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of the Leaf and Flowering Top Extracts" Molecules 25, no. 6: 1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061461

APA Style

Miceli, N., Cavò, E., Ragusa, M., Cacciola, F., Mondello, L., Dugo, L., Acquaviva, R., Malfa, G. A., Marino, A., D’Arrigo, M., & Taviano, M. F. (2020). Brassica incana Ten. (Brassicaceae): Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of the Leaf and Flowering Top Extracts. Molecules, 25(6), 1461. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061461

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